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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1620859530078-NFD8EXU31WCY8OFQ2Y0G/2275_RGB_square.jpg The Q https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621195871694-6L694XWEB45DQ1QCYYZ1/2370_RGB.jpg The Q https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621289540300-Q9B7VZQEM13GMQ2IIBLK/04.01+IMG_0916+Asparn+cabin+.JPG The Q - ASPARN-AN-DER-ZAYA MAMUZ OPEN-AIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM PRE-CHRISTIAN Reconstructed from the archaeological excavations at nearby Sandberg and representing several eras up to the Iron Age, the Celtic village makes you want to move into it. The museum in the castle right next to the village contains remarkable medical instruments, technology and art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621290819425-HF5XJ35FT203D7K9XTQV/03.16+IMG_0746+view+from+Sandberg.jpg The Q - From excavations at Sandberg, ancient Celtic settlement Pre-Christian Amid rolling hills of vineyards, this Celtic village clearly must have enjoyed the fruits of their labor. Evidence of the community wine cellar in the middle of town shows ancient wine technology, storage and consumption. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621294000942-J173NJ00S7J5YZ91QI4O/04.03+IMG_4961+view+of+Frauenstein+castle+from+below.jpg The Q - Frauenstein castle a remote & stunningly beautiful area Remote and hidden away, this castle probably served as refuge for women during the hundreds of years that they were hunted and burned as witches. Multiple castle ruins in this sector are reachable from this point by hiking trails and may have comprised a system of fortified safe houses. This one is under restoration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362299289-D2NPMAFC5EHAJ4BWAF57/04.02.10+IMG_5783+Keltenwelt+nude+female+statue.jpg The Q - Keltenwelt at Frög Celtic burial grounds & museum A beautiful setting allows the visitor a sense of Celtic ways, with a multitude of displays and artifacts well presented in the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362475143-C97WR5OMDQJYOVQH9CNF/04.03+IMG_0693+Magdalenaberg%2C+Austria%2C+Iron+Age+Celitc+sculpture+of+woman.jpg The Q - Magdalenaberg, ancient Celtic gold mining settlement Pre-Christian Step into the Celtic world on a sublime mountaintop. Explore the actual site, a museum of remarkable remembrance and hospitable, knowledgeable Gasthaus.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362827000-8C89CQVXCHKB98AYTCMD/04.04+knezi+kamen+II.jpg The Q - Maria Saal, Gailtaler Heimatmuseum, the Duke’s Chair Pre-Christian The 7th century duchy of Carantania conducted democratic proceedings in choosing their duke or duchess to be their leading official. The candidate had to sit in this chair and answer questions about whether he or she would act fairly, and then receive a slap in the face representing the public’s right to object. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621363213460-9SG35NGDI1S9NASO8JMZ/04.06+IMG_5275+Piber++copy.jpg The Q - Piber festive hall & Lippizaner center The care and decoration of horses is prevalent in Celtic artifacts. In Piber, what is now a church but probably the former festive hall, sits right next to the stables of the famed Lipizzaner horses that are also heralded at their Slovenian location in Lipica. The ceiling ribbing, repeated throughout the Celtic world, is highlighted by a contrasting color with a medallion at the intersection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621365784914-FJYR94ZLNPR6TZTRNKUI/4.07+Rein+Abbey+near+Graz+II.jpg The Q - Rein Abbey near Graz probably a former Celtic abbey This abbey was probably built and run by Celts, but then overtaken by the church state. When Celtic, it likely served as a learning center for both academic and vocational pursuits, a fortified complex that welcomed wayfarers. After conquest, abbeys would be turned into the master-servant, male-domineering system from the egalitarian one. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367535741-FXEPW8GUNIJUAQ6OK7OS/01.01+IMG_9372+Aulne+Abbey%2C+Thuin.jpg The Q - AULNE ABBEY MEROVINGIAN-CAROLINGIAN By setting and layout, this abbey could as easily be in England or Slovenia – From the quality of the masonry to repeating arches and towers, Celtic preferences abound here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367759186-TVXUHMWPX4WGJA6GB9WZ/01.02+Bruges%2C+Philip+le+Bon+church+ceiling.jpg The Q - Bruges, Basilica now named Basilica of the Holy Blood, where last Duke of Burgundy lay in state 15th century Gilded, colorful, finely crafted ceiling, pillars and arches emblematize Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367875040-EK4Y4NV9OO95NGCDIDUD/01.03+Bruges%2C+clothhall++courtyard+arches.jpg The Q - Bruges, Cloth Hall museum 15th century It’s easy to imagine the interior courtyard of this fortified textile market bustling with stands of fine fabrics from all over Europe. Its tall tower can be seen from everywhere, signaling both the importance of the building and the need to keep watch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368118577-BCJK4ITW2KM0JSE98IQE/01.04+Bruges%2C+Belgium.+St.+Jan+hospital+coumpoud.jpg The Q - Bruges, Oud Sint-Jan hospital museum 15th century Canals and building reflect Celtic styles and skills. Triangular facades and decorative door and window treatment as well as the quality of the craft is consistent throughout Europe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368326624-QX0NHKMM6RVGIKGI65G3/01.05+La+jeunesse+d%27Hercule%2C+whole+tap%2C+copy.jpg The Q - Brussels, Cinquantenaire Museum of the Royal Museums for Art & History 15th century holdings La Jeunesse d’Hercule tapestry evidences the importance of the Hercules legend in Celtic culture. This museum contains a loom and substantial collection. Buses run from Old Town out to this area of town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368559093-VSH80NKMMOSNI8GM8GIW/01.06+Coudenberg%2C+Brussels%2C+17th+cen+rendering.jpg The Q - Brussels, Coudenberg Museum 15th century & earlier 17th century rendering of Coudenberg. High-ceilinged, expansive, and replete with arched, striped doorways, the castle cellars have been excavated from underneath a parking lot and form part of the museum, even though the rest of the building was long-since destroyed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621369874534-1V6BPD0VTBK0BBI9XJ5K/01.07+Hallepoort++Porte+de+Halle.jpg The Q - BRUSSELS, HALLE GATE 15TH CENTURY City gates in Brussels attest to the severity of the threat faced in 15th century Burgundy, as well as the building expertise. Note the conical slate roof of the towers, the scalloped edgings, detail, balance and elegance of the construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622574699456-VSL1SS11W56JP9YTH2V9/01.08+IMG_9213+catalog+v.+2.png The Q - Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium 15th century Collection 5 volumes list works belonging to the Dukes of Burgundy collection. The exquisitely crafted Books of Hours of the Duke of Berry and hundreds of illuminated manuscripts shine a light into the beauty of 15th century living before the Hapsburg Empire cast Europe back into the dark feudalistic church state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575352393-FKKNDHWFSDYBPVEI9DFM/01.09+Ghent+canal+%2Cclock+tower.jpg The Q - Ghent, Gravensteen Museum 15th century & earlier Canals, towers and triangular facades exhibit Celtic style and skill. Hydrology constituted an important part of the defensive system, as well as connecting with other cities and towns for trade by waterway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575428677-TD77B8ZKLLB3NYNKRYR6/01.12+Kortrijk%2C+mural%2C+fallen+couple%2C+hero+hall+.jpg The Q - Kortrijk (Courtrais) Catherine’s Chapel This portrait of a fallen couple is a detail of one of the 3 walls of panels depicting full-body, full-scale decorated men and women warriors. At the entry to the hall stands a rare sculpture of Charlemagne. Nearby, a statue of Catherine holds an 8-spoked wheel, an invention that is celebrated as a recurring theme across the Celtic world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576237652-HO7MTL6E1X1HJZ6RY9MT/01.13++Kortrijk+city+hall+inside+IMG_1282.jpg The Q - Kortrijk (Courtais) City Hall Heraldry and intricate wood and stone carving suggest Celtic origin in this exquisite city hall chamber. On the mural, finely-clad women are depicted in active roles with their heads up. The entire beautifully-designed building is open to the public. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576779827-UH5KE0IRB7DAU7NZDX87/01.14+IMG_9445+7th+century+golden+decoration++Tournai+Museum.jpg The Q - Tournai Archaeological Museum This small gem of a museum contains a mock-up of the burial chamber of Childeric, a 5th century, Frankish, Merovingian leader, that was excavated near Tournai, as well as many artifacts from that era. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622577002629-CPTU4OBVAASZ6AE48JEF/01.15+IMG_7806.+woman+holding+tongueCR2.jpg The Q - Tournai Tapestry Museum A woman literally holds her tongue while being dragged from her hearth in this tapestry detail. It feels as though these tapestries are still trying to speak to the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592147787-49TJUTK6W52S2Z90FC2L/07.01+IMG_1661+Franktiskovy+Lazne+.png The Q - Františkovy Lázne Frankish spa town described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as “heaven on earth” Celtic-Frankish on-going Thermal bath resort town, a comprehensive approach to wellness with parks, therapeutic programs, extensive trails in beautiful natural settings.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592323791-OZFDAOBOEEZE7BA9322N/07.02.05+IMG_1962+Karlovi+Vari.jpg The Q - Karlovy Vary, Frankish spa town Celtic-Frankish on-going This jewel of a hot springs resort town bears Charlemagne’s name. With its gracious pavilions that shelter mineral water fountains, ornate, intricate ironwork and bridges that crisscross the river, it still stands as one of Europe’s greatest treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592456546-0OHQ3C69UM4GQB1I1YKA/07.03+IMG_2124+map+of+Loket+copy.png The Q - Loket medieval Snugly tucked into the river loop, this charming town defines the defensible location. It is set in a lovely park. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592685124-A9UDHS0TENW4LD2ZVSC9/07.04+IMG_2175+Marienska+Lazne+park.jpg The Q - Mariánské Lázné Celtic-Frankish on-going The hilltop park is the centerpiece in this lovely spa town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592973393-RBMTNTDDPWQUMQH85ZIP/02.01+IMG_4802+Alesia+chalice.jpg The Q - Alésia Celtic Museum and Archaeological Park Pre-Christian Chalice found at site displays intricate, decorative metallurgy with natural motifs. This is the site where Romans starved thousands of Celts to death. The museum shows Asterix comic books that portray the battles of Romans and Celts. Valuable information is also displayed about the imaging technology that finally led to the discovery of this battleground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593150437-3C2SIFDLF9YWDQUTWY4Z/02.02+Beaune+HospiceWomen+with+children+hailed+as+queens.jpg The Q - Beaune, Hospital Museum 15th century Mother and child hailed by kneeling man amid mille-fleurs background. Honoring women and motherhood, anathema to Christianity’s degradation of women, marks this as Celtic. The building complex here is stunningly beautiful and wonderfully restored, with information about medical history as well as the vaunted wine auctions for charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593293970-QK4FRW8BIZ6I31VY5GNP/02.02.10+Beaune+Dukes+residence%2C+cropped+fachwerk%2C+wine+museum+fachwerk+copy.jpg The Q - Beaune, Dukes of Burgundy former residence now wine museum Wine presses, barrels and other related equipment from the 15th century are displayed here from the era when Burgundian leadership based in Brussels, but also maintained a presence in what is now French Burgundy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593464874-O7EOIY5BDX27KWQK8ZZM/02.03++Bibracte+hill+IMG_6379.jpg The Q - Bibracte, Hillfort & Museum of Celtic Civilization Pre-Christian Wooded hilltops in Bibracte region recall refuge from attack that the high forests provided Celts. This was the area to which Julius Caesar repaired after starving out Alesia. The outsize Roman villa dominated the previously same-sized housing units, and the population dissipated.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593581213-BAP99XGLRUD8RXVBBJRP/02.04+Celtic+style+natural+motifs+Bourges+15h+c+3+trees.jpg The Q - Bourges, Museum of Natural History Pre-Christian Natural motifs are rhythmically shown and bordered, Celtic-style. The museum here contains an extensive collection of gravestones from a Celtic settlement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593785601-NSNEMODNY1U3HG9JVIF2/02.05+IMG_9603+Carcassonne+castle.jpg The Q - Carcassonne castle museum Pre-Christian & medieval Conical-roofed tower in Frankish style in Carcassone stems from the time when the Church mounted a years-long Crusade against the Cathars here. This area is also known for its Merovingian treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593931734-O0IP905UFP4C3CZIMJ3Q/02.06+IMG_6197+***statue+of+woman+.jpg The Q - Châtillon-sur-Seine, Museum with Vix treasures Pre-Christian The museum here displays contents of an Iron Age woman’s burial chamber, including a golden torque and 6-foot tall wine crater. Other grave findings include horses and decorations buried with their owners. Items on display are extensive and wide-ranging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594055350-IH3EB3Q7EJ54IE5362X1/02.06.01+Flavigny+crypt+archways.jpg The Q - Flavigny Carolingian crypt Arched doorways, staircases and superb masonry still characterize this Carolingian crypt of some 12 centuries ago. The town itself is charming, a museum in itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594420940-RWYGVM76ASN3XPA5IC9L/02.07+Fontenay+forge+hearth.jpg The Q - Fontenay Abbey medieval Iron forge in grand space reflects Celtic regard for manual labor, in marked contrast with Roman attitudes that physical labor was for slaves. Here production is honored and elevated by its surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594614520-OANOX8OPTGK4IWBVGT62/02.08+IMG_4969+Germigny+des+pre%CC%80s+model+.jpg The Q - Germigny-des-Prés Carolingian Model of 9th century Carolingian building, probably a festive hall with large round space perfected suited to a banquet table. The high windows of the central tower bring light into the entire space at all times of day. The structure is set in a surrounding garden. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594683920-IFWIT29HV9X3XTMG41VF/02.09+IMG_9310+Issoire+%2522Romanesque%2522..jpg The Q - Issoire, now called church of Saint-Austremoine medieval Rhythmic medallions and motifs, arched, striped doorway, the balance “libra” all suggest Celtic origin. Issoire is in the Auvergne region, home of Vercingetorix, who came to the aid of Alesia. He was taken back to Rome and dragged to death behind a chariot in the coliseum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594906108-AKP1YEFKUYJ2XI9C09NB/02.10+Lille+hospices+facade++.jpg The Q - Lille, Hospices Comtesse Museum 15th century Brightly colored and decorated Lille hospital from the 15th century accentuates door and window framing with striping to suggest arches and window quoins of alternating colors of brick. Lille was a seat of the Burgundian leaders in the 15th century. Hospitals are part of their legacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595121847-RZDL3GNQ298FHBA5I7H7/02.11+Lille+palais+Rihour+interior+with+ceilling+copy.jpg The Q - Lille, Rihour Palace, Dukes of Burgundy 15th century Rihour palace from 15th century Burgundy features vaulted ceiling in great hall and Frankish-style tower with conical roof. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595206350-NXLEFS7L88HEZL42AYR6/02.12+IMG_0320+Montherme%CC%81+facade.jpg The Q - Monthermé, Abbey of Laval Dieu 12th century Dancing woman with shell radiating around her head, pentacle, triangular facade with spirals, brick corner quoins, spirals on crosspiece decoration on roof, all point to Celtic origination. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622598576573-8DCP4VGRQR8FSW5D1WH5/02.12.05+IMG_1486+Cite%CC%81+replica+copy.jpg The Q - Paris Cité Museum of Architecture Recently opened at Trocadero, the Cité houses a large collection of full-scale replicas, models, cutaways, and videos that allow examination of monuments in multi-dimensional ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599007266-BIGUEPCTI4QW4IKCUWB0/02.13+IMG_0538+Lady+%26+the+mirror.jpg The Q - Paris, Cluny National Museum of the Middle Ages Pre-Christian & medieval All 6 Lady and the Unicorn tapestries with mille-fleurs background are on display at a newly-fashioned space. The tapestries contain myriad allegorical references and are precisely and expertly designed and crafted. This one might show Marie of Burgundy, last of the Burgundian leaders, distraught by what she sees in history’s mirror. Marie and her niece are credited with saving the 15th century library collection by spiriting it away to Spain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599352961-7K9IMT3IB0DMUC6RHHKV/02.13.05+big_img_3962.jpg The Q - Paris, Archaeological Crypt of the Parvis of Notre Dame Pre-Christian & medieval One of the most surprising aspects of these excavations that were found during a renovation of Notre Dame is the extensive hospital and care facilities. These ruins are attributed to the Gallic, or Celtic, era around the time of the Roman takeover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599467954-X2ZZ1MBAXKU441JF9S1V/02.15+IMG_0658+Conciergerie+copy.jpg The Q - Paris, Conciergerie Medieval This island in the Seine is probably the longest inhabited area in Paris, since such islands were most highly-prized for defensive capabilities. Medieval aspects have been restored and opened as a museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599628116-P4MEWT80XU7J0A78SE0I/02.16+IMG_0793+%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2+ceiling.jpg The Q - Paris, Sainte Chappelle The Sainte Chappelle features vaulted ceilings with gilded ribs and bright colors favored by Celts. Many of the sculptures of females on the rhythmical pedestals around the room have been defaced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599912015-WWMVWZ69DFS67OY6AV30/IMG_7108+Abbaye+des+Pre%CC%81montre%CC%81s%2C+now+open+for+public+use.++Women+are+welcome+again%21.jpg The Q - Abbaye des Prémontrés Once again welcoming wayfarers of both genders, this abbey is now open to the public for overnight stays and enjoyment of its beautifully restored gardens. In the Lorraine area of France, the Hapsburgs long held sway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600767533-T8L2WDYC6SK7F0UJTTTC/02.17+IMG_8560+Christianity+vs+the+Celts.jpg The Q - Saint Denis Basilica of St. Denis Column capital of monk and terrified naked subject in crypt dating back to Merovingian era. St. Denis also holds many references to early Turkish and Middle Eastern connections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600881089-BG33FFVF0ZUEU0759NYR/02.18+IMG_20160626_114713+St.+Germain+des+Pres+copy.JPG The Q - Saint Germain des Près, part of former abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Brightly-colored and gilded ribs of vaulted ceiling, circular light fixtures, rhythmical designs all point to the Celtic origin prior to the Christian conquest of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601014549-QLM3K906XF3HK1FKAK1U/02.19+IMG_5486+necklace+6th+century.jpg The Q - Saint Germain-en-Laye National Archaeological Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Celts favored this 3-pronged treskele design, shown here as a necklace. A rich and diverse collection of artifacts and information is contained here. Attached parks and gardens were designed by André le Notre. St. Germain-en-Laye is an easy RER ride out of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592973393-RBMTNTDDPWQUMQH85ZIP/02.01+IMG_4802+Alesia+chalice.jpg The Q - Alésia Celtic Museum and Archaeological Park Pre-Christian Chalice found at site displays intricate, decorative metallurgy with natural motifs. This is the site where Romans starved thousands of Celts to death. The museum shows Asterix comic books that portray the battles of Romans and Celts. Valuable information is also displayed about the imaging technology that finally led to the discovery of this battleground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593150437-3C2SIFDLF9YWDQUTWY4Z/02.02+Beaune+HospiceWomen+with+children+hailed+as+queens.jpg The Q - Beaune, Hospital Museum 15th century Mother and child hailed by kneeling man amid mille-fleurs background. Honoring women and motherhood, anathema to Christianity’s degradation of women, marks this as Celtic. The building complex here is stunningly beautiful and wonderfully restored, with information about medical history as well as the vaunted wine auctions for charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593293970-QK4FRW8BIZ6I31VY5GNP/02.02.10+Beaune+Dukes+residence%2C+cropped+fachwerk%2C+wine+museum+fachwerk+copy.jpg The Q - Beaune, Dukes of Burgundy former residence now wine museum Wine presses, barrels and other related equipment from the 15th century are displayed here from the era when Burgundian leadership based in Brussels, but also maintained a presence in what is now French Burgundy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593464874-O7EOIY5BDX27KWQK8ZZM/02.03++Bibracte+hill+IMG_6379.jpg The Q - Bibracte, Hillfort & Museum of Celtic Civilization Pre-Christian Wooded hilltops in Bibracte region recall refuge from attack that the high forests provided Celts. This was the area to which Julius Caesar repaired after starving out Alesia. The outsize Roman villa dominated the previously same-sized housing units, and the population dissipated.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593581213-BAP99XGLRUD8RXVBBJRP/02.04+Celtic+style+natural+motifs+Bourges+15h+c+3+trees.jpg The Q - Bourges, Museum of Natural History Pre-Christian Natural motifs are rhythmically shown and bordered, Celtic-style. The museum here contains an extensive collection of gravestones from a Celtic settlement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593785601-NSNEMODNY1U3HG9JVIF2/02.05+IMG_9603+Carcassonne+castle.jpg The Q - Carcassonne castle museum Pre-Christian & medieval Conical-roofed tower in Frankish style in Carcassone stems from the time when the Church mounted a years-long Crusade against the Cathars here. This area is also known for its Merovingian treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593931734-O0IP905UFP4C3CZIMJ3Q/02.06+IMG_6197+***statue+of+woman+.jpg The Q - Châtillon-sur-Seine, Museum with Vix treasures Pre-Christian The museum here displays contents of an Iron Age woman’s burial chamber, including a golden torque and 6-foot tall wine crater. Other grave findings include horses and decorations buried with their owners. Items on display are extensive and wide-ranging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594055350-IH3EB3Q7EJ54IE5362X1/02.06.01+Flavigny+crypt+archways.jpg The Q - Flavigny Carolingian crypt Arched doorways, staircases and superb masonry still characterize this Carolingian crypt of some 12 centuries ago. The town itself is charming, a museum in itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594420940-RWYGVM76ASN3XPA5IC9L/02.07+Fontenay+forge+hearth.jpg The Q - Fontenay Abbey medieval Iron forge in grand space reflects Celtic regard for manual labor, in marked contrast with Roman attitudes that physical labor was for slaves. Here production is honored and elevated by its surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594614520-OANOX8OPTGK4IWBVGT62/02.08+IMG_4969+Germigny+des+pre%CC%80s+model+.jpg The Q - Germigny-des-Prés Carolingian Model of 9th century Carolingian building, probably a festive hall with large round space perfected suited to a banquet table. The high windows of the central tower bring light into the entire space at all times of day. The structure is set in a surrounding garden. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594683920-IFWIT29HV9X3XTMG41VF/02.09+IMG_9310+Issoire+%2522Romanesque%2522..jpg The Q - Issoire, now called church of Saint-Austremoine medieval Rhythmic medallions and motifs, arched, striped doorway, the balance “libra” all suggest Celtic origin. Issoire is in the Auvergne region, home of Vercingetorix, who came to the aid of Alesia. He was taken back to Rome and dragged to death behind a chariot in the coliseum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594906108-AKP1YEFKUYJ2XI9C09NB/02.10+Lille+hospices+facade++.jpg The Q - Lille, Hospices Comtesse Museum 15th century Brightly colored and decorated Lille hospital from the 15th century accentuates door and window framing with striping to suggest arches and window quoins of alternating colors of brick. Lille was a seat of the Burgundian leaders in the 15th century. Hospitals are part of their legacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595121847-RZDL3GNQ298FHBA5I7H7/02.11+Lille+palais+Rihour+interior+with+ceilling+copy.jpg The Q - Lille, Rihour Palace, Dukes of Burgundy 15th century Rihour palace from 15th century Burgundy features vaulted ceiling in great hall and Frankish-style tower with conical roof. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595206350-NXLEFS7L88HEZL42AYR6/02.12+IMG_0320+Montherme%CC%81+facade.jpg The Q - Monthermé, Abbey of Laval Dieu 12th century Dancing woman with shell radiating around her head, pentacle, triangular facade with spirals, brick corner quoins, spirals on crosspiece decoration on roof, all point to Celtic origination. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622598576573-8DCP4VGRQR8FSW5D1WH5/02.12.05+IMG_1486+Cite%CC%81+replica+copy.jpg The Q - Paris Cité Museum of Architecture Recently opened at Trocadero, the Cité houses a large collection of full-scale replicas, models, cutaways, and videos that allow examination of monuments in multi-dimensional ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599007266-BIGUEPCTI4QW4IKCUWB0/02.13+IMG_0538+Lady+%26+the+mirror.jpg The Q - Paris, Cluny National Museum of the Middle Ages Pre-Christian & medieval All 6 Lady and the Unicorn tapestries with mille-fleurs background are on display at a newly-fashioned space. The tapestries contain myriad allegorical references and are precisely and expertly designed and crafted. This one might show Marie of Burgundy, last of the Burgundian leaders, distraught by what she sees in history’s mirror. Marie and her niece are credited with saving the 15th century library collection by spiriting it away to Spain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599352961-7K9IMT3IB0DMUC6RHHKV/02.13.05+big_img_3962.jpg The Q - Paris, Archaeological Crypt of the Parvis of Notre Dame Pre-Christian & medieval One of the most surprising aspects of these excavations that were found during a renovation of Notre Dame is the extensive hospital and care facilities. These ruins are attributed to the Gallic, or Celtic, era around the time of the Roman takeover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599467954-X2ZZ1MBAXKU441JF9S1V/02.15+IMG_0658+Conciergerie+copy.jpg The Q - Paris, Conciergerie Medieval This island in the Seine is probably the longest inhabited area in Paris, since such islands were most highly-prized for defensive capabilities. Medieval aspects have been restored and opened as a museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599628116-P4MEWT80XU7J0A78SE0I/02.16+IMG_0793+%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2+ceiling.jpg The Q - Paris, Sainte Chappelle The Sainte Chappelle features vaulted ceilings with gilded ribs and bright colors favored by Celts. Many of the sculptures of females on the rhythmical pedestals around the room have been defaced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599912015-WWMVWZ69DFS67OY6AV30/IMG_7108+Abbaye+des+Pre%CC%81montre%CC%81s%2C+now+open+for+public+use.++Women+are+welcome+again%21.jpg The Q - Abbaye des Prémontrés Once again welcoming wayfarers of both genders, this abbey is now open to the public for overnight stays and enjoyment of its beautifully restored gardens. In the Lorraine area of France, the Hapsburgs long held sway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600767533-T8L2WDYC6SK7F0UJTTTC/02.17+IMG_8560+Christianity+vs+the+Celts.jpg The Q - Saint Denis Basilica of St. Denis Column capital of monk and terrified naked subject in crypt dating back to Merovingian era. St. Denis also holds many references to early Turkish and Middle Eastern connections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600881089-BG33FFVF0ZUEU0759NYR/02.18+IMG_20160626_114713+St.+Germain+des+Pres+copy.JPG The Q - Saint Germain des Près, part of former abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Brightly-colored and gilded ribs of vaulted ceiling, circular light fixtures, rhythmical designs all point to the Celtic origin prior to the Christian conquest of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601222569-1VWH90D7TILWG6XOFYZW/02.19+IMG_5486+necklace+6th+century.jpg The Q - Saint Germain-en-Laye National Archaeological Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Celts favored this 3-pronged treskele design, shown here as a necklace. A rich and diverse collection of artifacts and information is contained here. Attached parks and gardens were designed by André le Notre. St. Germain-en-Laye is an easy RER ride out of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601555076-JZ4QMW71XJCR4YVIYJ21/1200px-Ho%CC%82tel_ville_St_Maur_Fosse%CC%81s_11.jpg The Q - St. Maur des Fossés Extensive ruins and gardens from a Merovingian abbey that is reached fairly easily from Paris by train. A walk through the town brings you into the abbey district that includes a restaurant with a view into horse performance halls. This abbey was known for its stables. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601701243-M5VS3TEAOFRXYFBGSNO7/03.01+Aachen+octagon+exterior.jpg The Q - Aachen, octagonal tower in Palatine Chapel Carolingian According to legend, Charlemagne the Frank was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in this hall in Aachen, or Aix-la-Chappelle. Given the ferocity with which the Franks sought freedom from Roman conquest and domination, however, it remains highly unlikely that Charles the Great would have submitted voluntarily to his ancestors’ arch-enemy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601792993-2VYUHJND2IGTXMXV4PCF/03.02+IMG_8670+Mock-up+of+interior+courtyard+at+Dargun+Abbey%2C+Germany%2C+showing+typical+Celtic+gallery+styling.jpg The Q - Dargun Abbey, Mecklenburg at least 12th century Dargun Abbey features interior courtyard of multi-story galleries, typical of Frankish abbeys and castles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601906229-JKBUPJCC51FCR2FQ1Z0M/03.03+Donnersberg+village+sketch+copy.jpg The Q - Donnersberg ancient Celtic settlement site Pre-Christian Fortified town of same-size dwellings with forested hilltop shows no sign of outside royal residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602313327-V3J4UPAX4B3Q279GD05I/03.04+Eberbach+coutryard%2C+tower.jpg The Q - Eberbach Abbey & wine cellar medieval Rhythmical, brightly-colored arches and windows adorn the courtyard of this abbey that sits just above the entry of the Rhine River onto the plains. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602415380-GTGZ8US5OZGQV2NUVUB2/03.05+IMG_8300+Filled-in+arches+at+Eldena+Kloster%2C+likely+former+Celtic+abbey%2C+on+Baltic+Coast+in+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany..jpg The Q - Eldena Kloster, Mecklenburg 12th century Archways like these were commonly bricked in, presumably after imperial conquest, turning pavilions into enclosures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602585994-1C3HLBHWC8I73GBJBKPK/03.06+IMG_7459+Fulda+crypt.jpg The Q - Fulda, St. Michael’s Church crypt & Vonderau Museum Carolingian Beneath what was probably a Celtic festival hall founded by Charlemagne, lie subterranean cellars, perhaps used for wine storage. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602670658-TBUT49R8INLAF20AQ2H9/03.07+IMG_2638+Glauberg+gold+necklace.jpg The Q - Glauberg Archaeological Park & Museum late Hallstatt, early La Tène Gold jewelry, coriander, bread-making – these are a few of the surprises from the ancient Celtic population here, now shared with the museum through excavations. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602817285-UX4V6RDCNNV0WTRH0PE5/03.08+Heidelberg+Celtic+hill.jpg The Q - Heidelberg Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian and medieval This hill across the river from Heidelberg holds ancient Celtic burial grounds, many artifacts from which now form part of the local museum collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602957136-KI22WVMPGZU6P0VSEYVI/03.09++IMG_7044+Heidengraben+sketch+of+Iron+Age+village.JPG The Q - Heidengraben, Baden Württemberg Pre-Christian ancient Celtic burial site Hamlets like the one shown here apparently spread across hundreds of acres in this area. Only a small part is now being excavated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603108955-DKV85PZ89W8HECJNZ53W/03.10+Heuneberg+festhall.JPG The Q - Heuneburg, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian This festive hall belongs to the reconstructed fortified Iron Age village on the ridge over the Danube valley. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603200451-5C5J7D9O3CRHQUALISM5/03.11+IMG_7265+Hochdorf%2C+Germany.+Ceiling+.JPG The Q - Hochdorf, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian Ceilings constructed with mathematical precision and aesthetics are one of the hallmarks of Celtic buildings, like this Iron Age example at Hochdorf. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603327239-37E45G1J7576H2CAQGHA/03.12+IMG_0568+painted+ribs+with+decorations.png The Q - Kornelimünster Abbey & fest hall Carolingian Colorful ribbing in the vaulting combine with natural motifs at the intersections to keep celebrants looking up in the original festive halls before conversion to churches. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651501438-HDHEPOVMDECQEWVR1PZ1/03.13+Lorsch%2C+Charlemagne%27s+hall.jpg The Q - Lorsch Abbey Carolingian Hexagons, diamonds and square tiles join with trompe-l’oeil pillars and archways in one of the abbeys founded by Charlemagne in the Odenwald. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651972128-P43BFRFTIBRMUBMPXJ6B/03.14+IMG_1007+Elizabethkirche+Marburg+hall-church.jpg The Q - Marburg Elizabethkirche, Hall-Church Marburger Schloss (castle) early medieval crossing of Cologne-Prague, North Sea to Alps routes Transition from Celtic hall to Christian church can be detected here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652139211-5W9FMNSZL8K40QF6XWX3/03.14.04+IMG_3239+Mariaburg.jpg The Q - Mariaburg From the highest point around, Mariaburg commands a view down the Mosel River. Burg is the German word for castle, and its location certainly indicates defensive placement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652979994-RLRJQGF4UR3ONA93WDMX/03.15+Pru%CC%88m+Abbey+statue++IMG_3475+from+previous+trip+.jpg The Q - Prüm Abbey Carolingian Rare surviving statue of female architect at an abbey from Charlemagne’s era, founded under his direction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653133704-SE7JB8Q8EACNKHKCZBN0/03.16++Celtic+golden+hat%2C+Speyer+Museum+.JPG The Q - Speyer, Historical Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian Along with this spectacular golden hat, this museum contains a wealth of Celtic Iron Age artifacts garnered from excavations in the surrounding area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653247960-QE7ETWS4YCKMG2SZPU8R/03.17+IMG_7381+Stuttgart%2C+Germany.++Iron+Age+wagon.JPG The Q - Stuttgart, State Museum of Archaeology Pre-Christian Housed in a splendid old castle, this museum contains considerable golden Iron Age jewelry, gilded horns and other ornamentation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653417025-E2FGRNXK4VCXJ4O9G7J8/03.18+IMG_8523+Stolpe+castle%2C+Usedom%2C+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany%2C+with+Celtic-style+watchtowers%2C+red+roofs%2C+arched+windows..jpg The Q - Usedom, Stolpe Castle, Mecklenburg plentiful Pre-Christian artifacts found in this area Remarkable crafting in a castle, with nearby abbey and ferry dock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653556562-EIUJIPWJV61F2W87R6PQ/03.19+IMG_6016+post+placement+at+Magdalenenberg+site.jpg The Q - Villingen Franziskanermuseum & site of tumulus excavation Pre-Christian Posts like these occur at other Celtic burial sites to mark the location. Finds from this site are on display at the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653736469-IBGWQVBIQRR5J74BF8VP/3.20+IMG_4350+gold+coins%2C+Worms.jpg The Q - Worms, Germany, Celtic “Borbetomagus,” on Rhine River, City Museum at the wall Pre-Christian A wealth of treasures await at the Worms in the museum located in the former Andreas Abbey. This city used to be the Burgundian capital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653878278-QJAQOW655DZW3M07S5IN/03.21+IMG_1578+Wysburg+map+of+Celtic+village+copy.jpg The Q - Wysburg Hard to find excavation, this site is valuable for its placards of archaeological information and the typically Celtic surrounds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660852463-F7GZ4S4WDWKWEC07ONZC/06.05+IMG_7255++Castle+in+Clairvaux%2C+features+familiar+darl%2C+pitched+Frankish-style+roofs+and+dormers.+.jpg The Q - Clairvaux Museum Exhibits here allow valuable insights into Luxembourg’s castles, with numerous models. Explanations also point out that royalty took over the castles after conquest, but that the castles served defensive purposes beforehand, with their massive fortifications. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660976220-5QU9511IMRCO3742XQJQ/06.20+IMG_3717+Titelberg+foundations+and+setting.jpg The Q - Titelberg Remote and inaccessible, this active excavation of festive hall, market place, baths can be seen through fencing. A long hike from parking follows many miles on a one-lane dirt road. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661247885-K1C3NMFH8GD32BU7LFQ2/05.01+Bled+castle+III.jpg The Q - Bled Castle Museum Pre-Christian Video presentations enrich the displays, and the building itself provides familiar Celtic style. The museum in this stunning setting welcomes guests to linger on its inviting terraces and restaurant, with traditional Celtic hospitality. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661626260-PKHE3TLCRC7DF1QPE4OL/05.01.01+IMG_5281+Bogensperk+front.jpg The Q - Bogensperk Permanent and temporary exhibits enhance the understanding of this castle for which 17th century author and illustrator Janez Valvasor is renown. Wagensberg, in German, was also a home base for the Duchess of Mecklenburg, who prior to WWI uncovered thousands of Iron Age artifacts. Part of her collection belongs to Harvard’s Peabody Museum and Harvard Press has published a book about her finds in Slovenia and Hallstatt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661729504-3YWRWERM9QUS2KR2YXRA/05.02+IMG_2422**+Celje+tower.jpg The Q - Celje, Castle on the hill, Counts of Celje Pre-Christian & medieval Both the fortifications here on the hilltop and the view they afford give a sense of Celtic love of beauty and their extensive defensive systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661890051-ZCQMU140UOD1O022C9D5/05.06++Celje+Counts%3B+mansion+museum.jpg The Q - Celje, Regional Museum, Counts of Celje domain medieval From the 11th century, the Counts of Celje served as officials in the overall defensive system of duchies, with multiple counties constituting one duchy. This was their official residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662005876-UBN5J74VL3FA9E65R3F6/05.07+IMG_5877+Celje+Archeology+Museum+woman+on+tombstone.jpg The Q - Celje Archaeological Museum This tombstone with a scene from the Trojan War is an example of the vast collection in the Archaeological Museum in Cell. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662166481-DO0HI0CQ3SZSQ8L6EWUK/05.08+IMG_9650+Pannonia-+Norican+girl+from+southern+Austria.jpg The Q - Ljubljana, National Museum Pre-Christian “Norico-Pannonian girl as shown on a funerary monument from Klagenfurt in southern Austria.” These and other displays from the first several centuries of the current era distinguish this rich collection of pre- and post- Roman occupation artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662249710-E3704OKRJX76E9PGWN6N/05.09+IMG_4830+Metlika+museum+courtyard+.jpg The Q - Metlika Museum A collection like this in a surprising out-of-the-way refuge castle exemplifies both the importance and commonality of Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662380729-LOBY6JYJ12QDOR9N7GS6/05.10+IMG_4670+horses+on+situla+in+Novo+Mesto.jpg The Q - Lower Carniola Museum, or the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto Horses prance along on a wine-mixing vessel, or situla, in the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto, in an impressive collection of local Celtic artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662508061-0LXTL15S5F5VIDED14YD/05.11+Otocec+blue+sky.jpg The Q - Otocec Castle Although the castle is now a private hotel on the island, the grounds and parklands remain open to the public. The courtyard is a perfect place for afternoon tea. Nearby thermal resort Šmarješke Toplice features parklands and connections with hiking trails. The island in the river and nearby Novo mesto in a loop in the river made prime defensible places. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662611571-ARH0VWW8TPV9238KZYT6/05.11.05.++Pleterje+gate+%28SLO_%29%2C+.jpg The Q - Pleterje Abbey An abbey still known for its spirits, namely distillations of fruits like pear, apple and plum, visitors are still welcomed into restricted areas of its operations. Products are for sale in the tourist shop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662709336-33WX12SY5VWAG4PWW2BI/05.12+IMG_1992+Ptuj+castle.jpg The Q - Ptuj, Castle Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Said to be Slovenia’s oldest Roman town, the town known as Poetovia must have housed an earlier Celtic one until it was overtaken. The view of the Pannonian Plains is splendid on a clear day, and old town is fascinating. A pedestrian bridge over the river connects with a thermal resort. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662929220-EFCSJ6CHRV28C545S11C/05.13+Sticna+valley+copy.jpg The Q - Stična Abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Historically Stična was renown for its library and agriculture. The library was burned in the Middle Ages, consistent with the theory that the older abbeys began as Celtic bastions of learning. Roman Catholics notoriously burned books of peoples they were overtaking, for example throughout South America and the Phillipines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622663068717-5XF9YESKBZZQ8477WQG6/05.13.05+Zice%2C+the+path+in.jpg The Q - Žiče Abbey medieval A center for illuminated manuscripts, pottery and wine, this complex also contains ruins of an old festive hall and hording. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/e6c590f5-41c1-47b6-83d7-dc6f45e37bee/3.+JWS+%26+Carol+on+deck+at+Lake.jpg The Jacqui & Carol Ruzic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/698a7365-8316-4821-8a1f-47d78b2d9907/8.+LJ+press+conference+at+book+launch+IMG_0748+.jpg The Ljubljana launch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/76aadaac-4725-4b40-ab1e-b6e9edf04ffc/18.+MH+on+Balcony+copy.jpg The Marie-Hélène Marty https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/da9f71bf-753a-41e3-9368-871ea3dcc233/24.+Reims+City+Hall+JWS%2C+Mayor+Robinet%2C+Maria+Adle.jpg The Reims with Mayor & Maria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/64dd00a4-2071-48a2-b604-39c7b6ebf251/IMG_0729+bookself+with+FS+book+in+SLO.jpg The https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5324cd53-fadc-45b7-ae7d-4f09d1e558ce/4.+John+Weber++P1040397.JPG The 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Palo Alto https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683346699-S1Q9X9S4T1WAT534FZYR/HWS1_Freedom_cover.png A Quest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683401421-6A9WCMNIR46XMUDDIY3C/35.+Remy+IMG_7010++cropped.jpg A Quest Remy Steiner, artist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683488703-8F89FE02FMSSLMCZGTMJ/36.+University+Club+of+Chicago.jpg A Quest Chicago, University Club https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683697570-SHY0OMNQIWEC38NFV800/38.+JWS_BWS+photo+for+4_16+Rotary+presentation.jpg A Quest Jacqui & Blair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684008251-UY87HWYSM4R8T8R1I346/39.+JWS+%26+Maria+Besson+at+Stanford+Authors+Meet+%26+GreetIMG_9363.JPG A Quest With fellow Stanford Alumni author Maria Adle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684096899-105AK1QCRVWEH50F3XI3/40.+Paris%2C+literary+salon+.jpg A Quest Paris Literary Salon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684188576-X22HS7T2PWUHY6VI02WS/41.+Paris+Embassy+gardens+JWS+with+Richard.jpg A Quest Paris, presentation at American Embassy Gardens https://www.lexicuspress.com/germany daily 0.75 2021-10-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601701243-M5VS3TEAOFRXYFBGSNO7/03.01+Aachen+octagon+exterior.jpg Germany - Aachen, octagonal tower in Palatine Chapel Carolingian According to legend, Charlemagne the Frank was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in this hall in Aachen, or Aix-la-Chappelle. Given the ferocity with which the Franks sought freedom from Roman conquest and domination, however, it remains highly unlikely that Charles the Great would have submitted voluntarily to his ancestors’ arch-enemy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601792993-2VYUHJND2IGTXMXV4PCF/03.02+IMG_8670+Mock-up+of+interior+courtyard+at+Dargun+Abbey%2C+Germany%2C+showing+typical+Celtic+gallery+styling.jpg Germany - Dargun Abbey, Mecklenburg at least 12th century Dargun Abbey features interior courtyard of multi-story galleries, typical of Frankish abbeys and castles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601906229-JKBUPJCC51FCR2FQ1Z0M/03.03+Donnersberg+village+sketch+copy.jpg Germany - Donnersberg ancient Celtic settlement site Pre-Christian Fortified town of same-size dwellings with forested hilltop shows no sign of outside royal residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602313327-V3J4UPAX4B3Q279GD05I/03.04+Eberbach+coutryard%2C+tower.jpg Germany - Eberbach Abbey & wine cellar medieval Rhythmical, brightly-colored arches and windows adorn the courtyard of this abbey that sits just above the entry of the Rhine River onto the plains. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602415380-GTGZ8US5OZGQV2NUVUB2/03.05+IMG_8300+Filled-in+arches+at+Eldena+Kloster%2C+likely+former+Celtic+abbey%2C+on+Baltic+Coast+in+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany..jpg Germany - Eldena Kloster, Mecklenburg 12th century Archways like these were commonly bricked in, presumably after imperial conquest, turning pavilions into enclosures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602585994-1C3HLBHWC8I73GBJBKPK/03.06+IMG_7459+Fulda+crypt.jpg Germany - Fulda, St. Michael’s Church crypt & Vonderau Museum Carolingian Beneath what was probably a Celtic festival hall founded by Charlemagne, lie subterranean cellars, perhaps used for wine storage. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602670658-TBUT49R8INLAF20AQ2H9/03.07+IMG_2638+Glauberg+gold+necklace.jpg Germany - Glauberg Archaeological Park & Museum late Hallstatt, early La Tène Gold jewelry, coriander, bread-making – these are a few of the surprises from the ancient Celtic population here, now shared with the museum through excavations. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602817285-UX4V6RDCNNV0WTRH0PE5/03.08+Heidelberg+Celtic+hill.jpg Germany - Heidelberg Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian and medieval This hill across the river from Heidelberg holds ancient Celtic burial grounds, many artifacts from which now form part of the local museum collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602957136-KI22WVMPGZU6P0VSEYVI/03.09++IMG_7044+Heidengraben+sketch+of+Iron+Age+village.JPG Germany - Heidengraben, Baden Württemberg Pre-Christian ancient Celtic burial site Hamlets like the one shown here apparently spread across hundreds of acres in this area. Only a small part is now being excavated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603108955-DKV85PZ89W8HECJNZ53W/03.10+Heuneberg+festhall.JPG Germany - Heuneburg, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian This festive hall belongs to the reconstructed fortified Iron Age village on the ridge over the Danube valley. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603200451-5C5J7D9O3CRHQUALISM5/03.11+IMG_7265+Hochdorf%2C+Germany.+Ceiling+.JPG Germany - Hochdorf, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian Ceilings constructed with mathematical precision and aesthetics are one of the hallmarks of Celtic buildings, like this Iron Age example at Hochdorf. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603327239-37E45G1J7576H2CAQGHA/03.12+IMG_0568+painted+ribs+with+decorations.png Germany - Kornelimünster Abbey & fest hall Carolingian Colorful ribbing in the vaulting combine with natural motifs at the intersections to keep celebrants looking up in the original festive halls before conversion to churches. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651501438-HDHEPOVMDECQEWVR1PZ1/03.13+Lorsch%2C+Charlemagne%27s+hall.jpg Germany - Lorsch Abbey Carolingian Hexagons, diamonds and square tiles join with trompe-l’oeil pillars and archways in one of the abbeys founded by Charlemagne in the Odenwald. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651972128-P43BFRFTIBRMUBMPXJ6B/03.14+IMG_1007+Elizabethkirche+Marburg+hall-church.jpg Germany - Marburg Elizabethkirche, Hall-Church Marburger Schloss (castle) early medieval crossing of Cologne-Prague, North Sea to Alps routes Transition from Celtic hall to Christian church can be detected here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652139211-5W9FMNSZL8K40QF6XWX3/03.14.04+IMG_3239+Mariaburg.jpg Germany - Mariaburg From the highest point around, Mariaburg commands a view down the Mosel River. Burg is the German word for castle, and its location certainly indicates defensive placement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652979994-RLRJQGF4UR3ONA93WDMX/03.15+Pru%CC%88m+Abbey+statue++IMG_3475+from+previous+trip+.jpg Germany - Prüm Abbey Carolingian Rare surviving statue of female architect at an abbey from Charlemagne’s era, founded under his direction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653133704-SE7JB8Q8EACNKHKCZBN0/03.16++Celtic+golden+hat%2C+Speyer+Museum+.JPG Germany - Speyer, Historical Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian Along with this spectacular golden hat, this museum contains a wealth of Celtic Iron Age artifacts garnered from excavations in the surrounding area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653247960-QE7ETWS4YCKMG2SZPU8R/03.17+IMG_7381+Stuttgart%2C+Germany.++Iron+Age+wagon.JPG Germany - Stuttgart, State Museum of Archaeology Pre-Christian Housed in a splendid old castle, this museum contains considerable golden Iron Age jewelry, gilded horns and other ornamentation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653417025-E2FGRNXK4VCXJ4O9G7J8/03.18+IMG_8523+Stolpe+castle%2C+Usedom%2C+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany%2C+with+Celtic-style+watchtowers%2C+red+roofs%2C+arched+windows..jpg Germany - Usedom, Stolpe Castle, Mecklenburg plentiful Pre-Christian artifacts found in this area Remarkable crafting in a castle, with nearby abbey and ferry dock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653556562-EIUJIPWJV61F2W87R6PQ/03.19+IMG_6016+post+placement+at+Magdalenenberg+site.jpg Germany - Villingen Franziskanermuseum & site of tumulus excavation Pre-Christian Posts like these occur at other Celtic burial sites to mark the location. Finds from this site are on display at the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653736469-IBGWQVBIQRR5J74BF8VP/3.20+IMG_4350+gold+coins%2C+Worms.jpg Germany - Worms, Germany, Celtic “Borbetomagus,” on Rhine River, City Museum at the wall Pre-Christian A wealth of treasures await at the Worms in the museum located in the former Andreas Abbey. This city used to be the Burgundian capital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653878278-QJAQOW655DZW3M07S5IN/03.21+IMG_1578+Wysburg+map+of+Celtic+village+copy.jpg Germany - Wysburg Hard to find excavation, this site is valuable for its placards of archaeological information and the typically Celtic surrounds. https://www.lexicuspress.com/luxembourg daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660852463-F7GZ4S4WDWKWEC07ONZC/06.05+IMG_7255++Castle+in+Clairvaux%2C+features+familiar+darl%2C+pitched+Frankish-style+roofs+and+dormers.+.jpg Luxembourg - Clairvaux Museum Exhibits here allow valuable insights into Luxembourg’s castles, with numerous models. Explanations also point out that royalty took over the castles after conquest, but that the castles served defensive purposes beforehand, with their massive fortifications. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660976220-5QU9511IMRCO3742XQJQ/06.20+IMG_3717+Titelberg+foundations+and+setting.jpg Luxembourg - Titelberg Remote and inaccessible, this active excavation of festive hall, market place, baths can be seen through fencing. A long hike from parking follows many miles on a one-lane dirt road. https://www.lexicuspress.com/belgium daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367535741-FXEPW8GUNIJUAQ6OK7OS/01.01+IMG_9372+Aulne+Abbey%2C+Thuin.jpg Belgium - AULNE ABBEY MEROVINGIAN-CAROLINGIAN By setting and layout, this abbey could as easily be in England or Slovenia – From the quality of the masonry to repeating arches and towers, Celtic preferences abound here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367759186-TVXUHMWPX4WGJA6GB9WZ/01.02+Bruges%2C+Philip+le+Bon+church+ceiling.jpg Belgium - Bruges, Basilica now named Basilica of the Holy Blood, where last Duke of Burgundy lay in state 15th century Gilded, colorful, finely crafted ceiling, pillars and arches emblematize Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367875040-EK4Y4NV9OO95NGCDIDUD/01.03+Bruges%2C+clothhall++courtyard+arches.jpg Belgium - Bruges, Cloth Hall museum 15th century It’s easy to imagine the interior courtyard of this fortified textile market bustling with stands of fine fabrics from all over Europe. Its tall tower can be seen from everywhere, signaling both the importance of the building and the need to keep watch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368118577-BCJK4ITW2KM0JSE98IQE/01.04+Bruges%2C+Belgium.+St.+Jan+hospital+coumpoud.jpg Belgium - Bruges, Oud Sint-Jan hospital museum 15th century Canals and building reflect Celtic styles and skills. Triangular facades and decorative door and window treatment as well as the quality of the craft is consistent throughout Europe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368326624-QX0NHKMM6RVGIKGI65G3/01.05+La+jeunesse+d%27Hercule%2C+whole+tap%2C+copy.jpg Belgium - Brussels, Cinquantenaire Museum of the Royal Museums for Art & History 15th century holdings La Jeunesse d’Hercule tapestry evidences the importance of the Hercules legend in Celtic culture. This museum contains a loom and substantial collection. Buses run from Old Town out to this area of town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368559093-VSH80NKMMOSNI8GM8GIW/01.06+Coudenberg%2C+Brussels%2C+17th+cen+rendering.jpg Belgium - Brussels, Coudenberg Museum 15th century & earlier 17th century rendering of Coudenberg. High-ceilinged, expansive, and replete with arched, striped doorways, the castle cellars have been excavated from underneath a parking lot and form part of the museum, even though the rest of the building was long-since destroyed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621369874534-1V6BPD0VTBK0BBI9XJ5K/01.07+Hallepoort++Porte+de+Halle.jpg Belgium - BRUSSELS, HALLE GATE 15TH CENTURY City gates in Brussels attest to the severity of the threat faced in 15th century Burgundy, as well as the building expertise. Note the conical slate roof of the towers, the scalloped edgings, detail, balance and elegance of the construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622574699456-VSL1SS11W56JP9YTH2V9/01.08+IMG_9213+catalog+v.+2.png Belgium - Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium 15th century Collection 5 volumes list works belonging to the Dukes of Burgundy collection. The exquisitely crafted Books of Hours of the Duke of Berry and hundreds of illuminated manuscripts shine a light into the beauty of 15th century living before the Hapsburg Empire cast Europe back into the dark feudalistic church state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575352393-FKKNDHWFSDYBPVEI9DFM/01.09+Ghent+canal+%2Cclock+tower.jpg Belgium - Ghent, Gravensteen Museum 15th century & earlier Canals, towers and triangular facades exhibit Celtic style and skill. Hydrology constituted an important part of the defensive system, as well as connecting with other cities and towns for trade by waterway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575428677-TD77B8ZKLLB3NYNKRYR6/01.12+Kortrijk%2C+mural%2C+fallen+couple%2C+hero+hall+.jpg Belgium - Kortrijk (Courtrais) Catherine’s Chapel This portrait of a fallen couple is a detail of one of the 3 walls of panels depicting full-body, full-scale decorated men and women warriors. At the entry to the hall stands a rare sculpture of Charlemagne. Nearby, a statue of Catherine holds an 8-spoked wheel, an invention that is celebrated as a recurring theme across the Celtic world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576237652-HO7MTL6E1X1HJZ6RY9MT/01.13++Kortrijk+city+hall+inside+IMG_1282.jpg Belgium - Kortrijk (Courtais) City Hall Heraldry and intricate wood and stone carving suggest Celtic origin in this exquisite city hall chamber. On the mural, finely-clad women are depicted in active roles with their heads up. The entire beautifully-designed building is open to the public. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576779827-UH5KE0IRB7DAU7NZDX87/01.14+IMG_9445+7th+century+golden+decoration++Tournai+Museum.jpg Belgium - Tournai Archaeological Museum This small gem of a museum contains a mock-up of the burial chamber of Childeric, a 5th century, Frankish, Merovingian leader, that was excavated near Tournai, as well as many artifacts from that era. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622577002629-CPTU4OBVAASZ6AE48JEF/01.15+IMG_7806.+woman+holding+tongueCR2.jpg Belgium - Tournai Tapestry Museum A woman literally holds her tongue while being dragged from her hearth in this tapestry detail. It feels as though these tapestries are still trying to speak to the world. https://www.lexicuspress.com/czechia daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592147787-49TJUTK6W52S2Z90FC2L/07.01+IMG_1661+Franktiskovy+Lazne+.png Czechia - Františkovy Lázne Frankish spa town described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as “heaven on earth” Celtic-Frankish on-going Thermal bath resort town, a comprehensive approach to wellness with parks, therapeutic programs, extensive trails in beautiful natural settings.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592323791-OZFDAOBOEEZE7BA9322N/07.02.05+IMG_1962+Karlovi+Vari.jpg Czechia - Karlovy Vary, Frankish spa town Celtic-Frankish on-going This jewel of a hot springs resort town bears Charlemagne’s name. With its gracious pavilions that shelter mineral water fountains, ornate, intricate ironwork and bridges that crisscross the river, it still stands as one of Europe’s greatest treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592456546-0OHQ3C69UM4GQB1I1YKA/07.03+IMG_2124+map+of+Loket+copy.png Czechia - Loket medieval Snugly tucked into the river loop, this charming town defines the defensible location. It is set in a lovely park. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592685124-A9UDHS0TENW4LD2ZVSC9/07.04+IMG_2175+Marienska+Lazne+park.jpg Czechia - Mariánské Lázné Celtic-Frankish on-going The hilltop park is the centerpiece in this lovely spa town. https://www.lexicuspress.com/france daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592973393-RBMTNTDDPWQUMQH85ZIP/02.01+IMG_4802+Alesia+chalice.jpg France - Alésia Celtic Museum and Archaeological Park Pre-Christian Chalice found at site displays intricate, decorative metallurgy with natural motifs. This is the site where Romans starved thousands of Celts to death. The museum shows Asterix comic books that portray the battles of Romans and Celts. Valuable information is also displayed about the imaging technology that finally led to the discovery of this battleground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593150437-3C2SIFDLF9YWDQUTWY4Z/02.02+Beaune+HospiceWomen+with+children+hailed+as+queens.jpg France - Beaune, Hospital Museum 15th century Mother and child hailed by kneeling man amid mille-fleurs background. Honoring women and motherhood, anathema to Christianity’s degradation of women, marks this as Celtic. The building complex here is stunningly beautiful and wonderfully restored, with information about medical history as well as the vaunted wine auctions for charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593293970-QK4FRW8BIZ6I31VY5GNP/02.02.10+Beaune+Dukes+residence%2C+cropped+fachwerk%2C+wine+museum+fachwerk+copy.jpg France - Beaune, Dukes of Burgundy former residence now wine museum Wine presses, barrels and other related equipment from the 15th century are displayed here from the era when Burgundian leadership based in Brussels, but also maintained a presence in what is now French Burgundy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593464874-O7EOIY5BDX27KWQK8ZZM/02.03++Bibracte+hill+IMG_6379.jpg France - Bibracte, Hillfort & Museum of Celtic Civilization Pre-Christian Wooded hilltops in Bibracte region recall refuge from attack that the high forests provided Celts. This was the area to which Julius Caesar repaired after starving out Alesia. The outsize Roman villa dominated the previously same-sized housing units, and the population dissipated.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593581213-BAP99XGLRUD8RXVBBJRP/02.04+Celtic+style+natural+motifs+Bourges+15h+c+3+trees.jpg France - Bourges, Museum of Natural History Pre-Christian Natural motifs are rhythmically shown and bordered, Celtic-style. The museum here contains an extensive collection of gravestones from a Celtic settlement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593785601-NSNEMODNY1U3HG9JVIF2/02.05+IMG_9603+Carcassonne+castle.jpg France - Carcassonne castle museum Pre-Christian & medieval Conical-roofed tower in Frankish style in Carcassone stems from the time when the Church mounted a years-long Crusade against the Cathars here. This area is also known for its Merovingian treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593931734-O0IP905UFP4C3CZIMJ3Q/02.06+IMG_6197+***statue+of+woman+.jpg France - Châtillon-sur-Seine, Museum with Vix treasures Pre-Christian The museum here displays contents of an Iron Age woman’s burial chamber, including a golden torque and 6-foot tall wine crater. Other grave findings include horses and decorations buried with their owners. Items on display are extensive and wide-ranging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594055350-IH3EB3Q7EJ54IE5362X1/02.06.01+Flavigny+crypt+archways.jpg France - Flavigny Carolingian crypt Arched doorways, staircases and superb masonry still characterize this Carolingian crypt of some 12 centuries ago. The town itself is charming, a museum in itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594420940-RWYGVM76ASN3XPA5IC9L/02.07+Fontenay+forge+hearth.jpg France - Fontenay Abbey medieval Iron forge in grand space reflects Celtic regard for manual labor, in marked contrast with Roman attitudes that physical labor was for slaves. Here production is honored and elevated by its surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594614520-OANOX8OPTGK4IWBVGT62/02.08+IMG_4969+Germigny+des+pre%CC%80s+model+.jpg France - Germigny-des-Prés Carolingian Model of 9th century Carolingian building, probably a festive hall with large round space perfected suited to a banquet table. The high windows of the central tower bring light into the entire space at all times of day. The structure is set in a surrounding garden. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594683920-IFWIT29HV9X3XTMG41VF/02.09+IMG_9310+Issoire+%2522Romanesque%2522..jpg France - Issoire, now called church of Saint-Austremoine medieval Rhythmic medallions and motifs, arched, striped doorway, the balance “libra” all suggest Celtic origin. Issoire is in the Auvergne region, home of Vercingetorix, who came to the aid of Alesia. He was taken back to Rome and dragged to death behind a chariot in the coliseum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594906108-AKP1YEFKUYJ2XI9C09NB/02.10+Lille+hospices+facade++.jpg France - Lille, Hospices Comtesse Museum 15th century Brightly colored and decorated Lille hospital from the 15th century accentuates door and window framing with striping to suggest arches and window quoins of alternating colors of brick. Lille was a seat of the Burgundian leaders in the 15th century. Hospitals are part of their legacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595121847-RZDL3GNQ298FHBA5I7H7/02.11+Lille+palais+Rihour+interior+with+ceilling+copy.jpg France - Lille, Rihour Palace, Dukes of Burgundy 15th century Rihour palace from 15th century Burgundy features vaulted ceiling in great hall and Frankish-style tower with conical roof. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595206350-NXLEFS7L88HEZL42AYR6/02.12+IMG_0320+Montherme%CC%81+facade.jpg France - Monthermé, Abbey of Laval Dieu 12th century Dancing woman with shell radiating around her head, pentacle, triangular facade with spirals, brick corner quoins, spirals on crosspiece decoration on roof, all point to Celtic origination. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622598576573-8DCP4VGRQR8FSW5D1WH5/02.12.05+IMG_1486+Cite%CC%81+replica+copy.jpg France - Paris Cité Museum of Architecture Recently opened at Trocadero, the Cité houses a large collection of full-scale replicas, models, cutaways, and videos that allow examination of monuments in multi-dimensional ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599007266-BIGUEPCTI4QW4IKCUWB0/02.13+IMG_0538+Lady+%26+the+mirror.jpg France - Paris, Cluny National Museum of the Middle Ages Pre-Christian & medieval All 6 Lady and the Unicorn tapestries with mille-fleurs background are on display at a newly-fashioned space. The tapestries contain myriad allegorical references and are precisely and expertly designed and crafted. This one might show Marie of Burgundy, last of the Burgundian leaders, distraught by what she sees in history’s mirror. Marie and her niece are credited with saving the 15th century library collection by spiriting it away to Spain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599352961-7K9IMT3IB0DMUC6RHHKV/02.13.05+big_img_3962.jpg France - Paris, Archaeological Crypt of the Parvis of Notre Dame Pre-Christian & medieval One of the most surprising aspects of these excavations that were found during a renovation of Notre Dame is the extensive hospital and care facilities. These ruins are attributed to the Gallic, or Celtic, era around the time of the Roman takeover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599467954-X2ZZ1MBAXKU441JF9S1V/02.15+IMG_0658+Conciergerie+copy.jpg France - Paris, Conciergerie Medieval This island in the Seine is probably the longest inhabited area in Paris, since such islands were most highly-prized for defensive capabilities. Medieval aspects have been restored and opened as a museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599628116-P4MEWT80XU7J0A78SE0I/02.16+IMG_0793+%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2+ceiling.jpg France - Paris, Sainte Chappelle The Sainte Chappelle features vaulted ceilings with gilded ribs and bright colors favored by Celts. Many of the sculptures of females on the rhythmical pedestals around the room have been defaced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599912015-WWMVWZ69DFS67OY6AV30/IMG_7108+Abbaye+des+Pre%CC%81montre%CC%81s%2C+now+open+for+public+use.++Women+are+welcome+again%21.jpg France - Abbaye des Prémontrés Once again welcoming wayfarers of both genders, this abbey is now open to the public for overnight stays and enjoyment of its beautifully restored gardens. In the Lorraine area of France, the Hapsburgs long held sway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600767533-T8L2WDYC6SK7F0UJTTTC/02.17+IMG_8560+Christianity+vs+the+Celts.jpg France - Saint Denis Basilica of St. Denis Column capital of monk and terrified naked subject in crypt dating back to Merovingian era. St. Denis also holds many references to early Turkish and Middle Eastern connections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600881089-BG33FFVF0ZUEU0759NYR/02.18+IMG_20160626_114713+St.+Germain+des+Pres+copy.JPG France - Saint Germain des Près, part of former abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Brightly-colored and gilded ribs of vaulted ceiling, circular light fixtures, rhythmical designs all point to the Celtic origin prior to the Christian conquest of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601014549-QLM3K906XF3HK1FKAK1U/02.19+IMG_5486+necklace+6th+century.jpg France - Saint Germain-en-Laye National Archaeological Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Celts favored this 3-pronged treskele design, shown here as a necklace. A rich and diverse collection of artifacts and information is contained here. Attached parks and gardens were designed by André le Notre. St. Germain-en-Laye is an easy RER ride out of Paris. https://www.lexicuspress.com/about-us daily 0.75 2021-10-05 https://www.lexicuspress.com/slovenia daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661247885-K1C3NMFH8GD32BU7LFQ2/05.01+Bled+castle+III.jpg Slovenia - Bled Castle Museum Pre-Christian Video presentations enrich the displays, and the building itself provides familiar Celtic style. The museum in this stunning setting welcomes guests to linger on its inviting terraces and restaurant, with traditional Celtic hospitality. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661626260-PKHE3TLCRC7DF1QPE4OL/05.01.01+IMG_5281+Bogensperk+front.jpg Slovenia - Bogensperk Permanent and temporary exhibits enhance the understanding of this castle for which 17th century author and illustrator Janez Valvasor is renown. Wagensberg, in German, was also a home base for the Duchess of Mecklenburg, who prior to WWI uncovered thousands of Iron Age artifacts. Part of her collection belongs to Harvard’s Peabody Museum and Harvard Press has published a book about her finds in Slovenia and Hallstatt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661729504-3YWRWERM9QUS2KR2YXRA/05.02+IMG_2422**+Celje+tower.jpg Slovenia - Celje, Castle on the hill, Counts of Celje Pre-Christian & medieval Both the fortifications here on the hilltop and the view they afford give a sense of Celtic love of beauty and their extensive defensive systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661890051-ZCQMU140UOD1O022C9D5/05.06++Celje+Counts%3B+mansion+museum.jpg Slovenia - Celje, Regional Museum, Counts of Celje domain medieval From the 11th century, the Counts of Celje served as officials in the overall defensive system of duchies, with multiple counties constituting one duchy. This was their official residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662005876-UBN5J74VL3FA9E65R3F6/05.07+IMG_5877+Celje+Archeology+Museum+woman+on+tombstone.jpg Slovenia - Celje Archaeological Museum This tombstone with a scene from the Trojan War is an example of the vast collection in the Archaeological Museum in Cell. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662166481-DO0HI0CQ3SZSQ8L6EWUK/05.08+IMG_9650+Pannonia-+Norican+girl+from+southern+Austria.jpg Slovenia - Ljubljana, National Museum Pre-Christian “Norico-Pannonian girl as shown on a funerary monument from Klagenfurt in southern Austria.” These and other displays from the first several centuries of the current era distinguish this rich collection of pre- and post- Roman occupation artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662249710-E3704OKRJX76E9PGWN6N/05.09+IMG_4830+Metlika+museum+courtyard+.jpg Slovenia - Metlika Museum A collection like this in a surprising out-of-the-way refuge castle exemplifies both the importance and commonality of Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662380729-LOBY6JYJ12QDOR9N7GS6/05.10+IMG_4670+horses+on+situla+in+Novo+Mesto.jpg Slovenia - Lower Carniola Museum, or the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto Horses prance along on a wine-mixing vessel, or situla, in the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto, in an impressive collection of local Celtic artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662508061-0LXTL15S5F5VIDED14YD/05.11+Otocec+blue+sky.jpg Slovenia - Otocec Castle Although the castle is now a private hotel on the island, the grounds and parklands remain open to the public. The courtyard is a perfect place for afternoon tea. Nearby thermal resort Šmarješke Toplice features parklands and connections with hiking trails. The island in the river and nearby Novo mesto in a loop in the river made prime defensible places. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662611571-ARH0VWW8TPV9238KZYT6/05.11.05.++Pleterje+gate+%28SLO_%29%2C+.jpg Slovenia - Pleterje Abbey An abbey still known for its spirits, namely distillations of fruits like pear, apple and plum, visitors are still welcomed into restricted areas of its operations. Products are for sale in the tourist shop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662709336-33WX12SY5VWAG4PWW2BI/05.12+IMG_1992+Ptuj+castle.jpg Slovenia - Ptuj, Castle Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Said to be Slovenia’s oldest Roman town, the town known as Poetovia must have housed an earlier Celtic one until it was overtaken. The view of the Pannonian Plains is splendid on a clear day, and old town is fascinating. A pedestrian bridge over the river connects with a thermal resort. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662929220-EFCSJ6CHRV28C545S11C/05.13+Sticna+valley+copy.jpg Slovenia - Stična Abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Historically Stična was renown for its library and agriculture. The library was burned in the Middle Ages, consistent with the theory that the older abbeys began as Celtic bastions of learning. Roman Catholics notoriously burned books of peoples they were overtaking, for example throughout South America and the Phillipines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622663068717-5XF9YESKBZZQ8477WQG6/05.13.05+Zice%2C+the+path+in.jpg Slovenia - Žiče Abbey medieval A center for illuminated manuscripts, pottery and wine, this complex also contains ruins of an old festive hall and hording. Gardens provided sustenance inside and outside the walls. https://www.lexicuspress.com/austria daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621289540300-Q9B7VZQEM13GMQ2IIBLK/04.01+IMG_0916+Asparn+cabin+.JPG Austria - ASPARN-AN-DER-ZAYA MAMUZ OPEN-AIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM PRE-CHRISTIAN Reconstructed from the archaeological excavations at nearby Sandberg and representing several eras up to the Iron Age, the Celtic village makes you want to move into it. The museum in the castle right next to the village contains remarkable medical instruments, technology and art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621290819425-HF5XJ35FT203D7K9XTQV/03.16+IMG_0746+view+from+Sandberg.jpg Austria - From excavations at Sandberg, ancient Celtic settlement Pre-Christian Amid rolling hills of vineyards, this Celtic village clearly must have enjoyed the fruits of their labor. Evidence of the community wine cellar in the middle of town shows ancient wine technology, storage and consumption. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621294000942-J173NJ00S7J5YZ91QI4O/04.03+IMG_4961+view+of+Frauenstein+castle+from+below.jpg Austria - Frauenstein castle a remote & stunningly beautiful area Remote and hidden away, this castle probably served as refuge for women during the hundreds of years that they were hunted and burned as witches. Multiple castle ruins in this sector are reachable from this point by hiking trails and may have comprised a system of fortified safe houses. This one is under restoration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362299289-D2NPMAFC5EHAJ4BWAF57/04.02.10+IMG_5783+Keltenwelt+nude+female+statue.jpg Austria - Keltenwelt at Frög Celtic burial grounds & museum A beautiful setting allows the visitor a sense of Celtic ways, with a multitude of displays and artifacts well presented in the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362475143-C97WR5OMDQJYOVQH9CNF/04.03+IMG_0693+Magdalenaberg%2C+Austria%2C+Iron+Age+Celitc+sculpture+of+woman.jpg Austria - Magdalenaberg, ancient Celtic gold mining settlement Pre-Christian Step into the Celtic world on a sublime mountaintop. Explore the actual site, a museum of remarkable remembrance and hospitable, knowledgeable Gasthaus.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362827000-8C89CQVXCHKB98AYTCMD/04.04+knezi+kamen+II.jpg Austria - Maria Saal, Gailtaler Heimatmuseum, the Duke’s Chair Pre-Christian The 7th century duchy of Carantania conducted democratic proceedings in choosing their duke or duchess to be their leading official. The candidate had to sit in this chair and answer questions about whether he or she would act fairly, and then receive a slap in the face representing the public’s right to object. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621363213460-9SG35NGDI1S9NASO8JMZ/04.06+IMG_5275+Piber++copy.jpg Austria - Piber festive hall & Lippizaner center The care and decoration of horses is prevalent in Celtic artifacts. In Piber, what is now a church but probably the former festive hall, sits right next to the stables of the famed Lipizzaner horses that are also heralded at their Slovenian location in Lipica. The ceiling ribbing, repeated throughout the Celtic world, is highlighted by a contrasting color with a medallion at the intersection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621365784914-FJYR94ZLNPR6TZTRNKUI/4.07+Rein+Abbey+near+Graz+II.jpg Austria - Rein Abbey near Graz probably a former Celtic abbey This abbey was probably built and run by Celts, but then overtaken by the church state. When Celtic, it likely served as a learning center for both academic and vocational pursuits, a fortified complex that welcomed wayfarers. After conquest, abbeys would be turned into the master-servant, male-domineering system from the egalitarian one. https://www.lexicuspress.com/the-quest daily 0.75 2025-01-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621289540300-Q9B7VZQEM13GMQ2IIBLK/04.01+IMG_0916+Asparn+cabin+.JPG The Quest - ASPARN-AN-DER-ZAYA MAMUZ OPEN-AIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM PRE-CHRISTIAN Reconstructed from the archaeological excavations at nearby Sandberg and representing several eras up to the Iron Age, the Celtic village makes you want to move into it. The museum in the castle right next to the village contains remarkable medical instruments, technology and art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621290819425-HF5XJ35FT203D7K9XTQV/03.16+IMG_0746+view+from+Sandberg.jpg The Quest - From excavations at Sandberg, ancient Celtic settlement Pre-Christian Amid rolling hills of vineyards, this Celtic village clearly must have enjoyed the fruits of their labor. Evidence of the community wine cellar in the middle of town shows ancient wine technology, storage and consumption. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621294000942-J173NJ00S7J5YZ91QI4O/04.03+IMG_4961+view+of+Frauenstein+castle+from+below.jpg The Quest - Frauenstein castle a remote & stunningly beautiful area Remote and hidden away, this castle probably served as refuge for women during the hundreds of years that they were hunted and burned as witches. Multiple castle ruins in this sector are reachable from this point by hiking trails and may have comprised a system of fortified safe houses. This one is under restoration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362299289-D2NPMAFC5EHAJ4BWAF57/04.02.10+IMG_5783+Keltenwelt+nude+female+statue.jpg The Quest - Keltenwelt at Frög Celtic burial grounds & museum A beautiful setting allows the visitor a sense of Celtic ways, with a multitude of displays and artifacts well presented in the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362475143-C97WR5OMDQJYOVQH9CNF/04.03+IMG_0693+Magdalenaberg%2C+Austria%2C+Iron+Age+Celitc+sculpture+of+woman.jpg The Quest - Magdalenaberg, ancient Celtic gold mining settlement Pre-Christian Step into the Celtic world on a sublime mountaintop. Explore the actual site, a museum of remarkable remembrance and hospitable, knowledgeable Gasthaus.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621362827000-8C89CQVXCHKB98AYTCMD/04.04+knezi+kamen+II.jpg The Quest - Maria Saal, Gailtaler Heimatmuseum, the Duke’s Chair Pre-Christian The 7th century duchy of Carantania conducted democratic proceedings in choosing their duke or duchess to be their leading official. The candidate had to sit in this chair and answer questions about whether he or she would act fairly, and then receive a slap in the face representing the public’s right to object. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621363213460-9SG35NGDI1S9NASO8JMZ/04.06+IMG_5275+Piber++copy.jpg The Quest - Piber festive hall & Lippizaner center The care and decoration of horses is prevalent in Celtic artifacts. In Piber, what is now a church but probably the former festive hall, sits right next to the stables of the famed Lipizzaner horses that are also heralded at their Slovenian location in Lipica. The ceiling ribbing, repeated throughout the Celtic world, is highlighted by a contrasting color with a medallion at the intersection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621365784914-FJYR94ZLNPR6TZTRNKUI/4.07+Rein+Abbey+near+Graz+II.jpg The Quest - Rein Abbey near Graz probably a former Celtic abbey This abbey was probably built and run by Celts, but then overtaken by the church state. When Celtic, it likely served as a learning center for both academic and vocational pursuits, a fortified complex that welcomed wayfarers. After conquest, abbeys would be turned into the master-servant, male-domineering system from the egalitarian one. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367535741-FXEPW8GUNIJUAQ6OK7OS/01.01+IMG_9372+Aulne+Abbey%2C+Thuin.jpg The Quest - AULNE ABBEY MEROVINGIAN-CAROLINGIAN By setting and layout, this abbey could as easily be in England or Slovenia – From the quality of the masonry to repeating arches and towers, Celtic preferences abound here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367759186-TVXUHMWPX4WGJA6GB9WZ/01.02+Bruges%2C+Philip+le+Bon+church+ceiling.jpg The Quest - Bruges, Basilica now named Basilica of the Holy Blood, where last Duke of Burgundy lay in state 15th century Gilded, colorful, finely crafted ceiling, pillars and arches emblematize Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621367875040-EK4Y4NV9OO95NGCDIDUD/01.03+Bruges%2C+clothhall++courtyard+arches.jpg The Quest - Bruges, Cloth Hall museum 15th century It’s easy to imagine the interior courtyard of this fortified textile market bustling with stands of fine fabrics from all over Europe. Its tall tower can be seen from everywhere, signaling both the importance of the building and the need to keep watch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368118577-BCJK4ITW2KM0JSE98IQE/01.04+Bruges%2C+Belgium.+St.+Jan+hospital+coumpoud.jpg The Quest - Bruges, Oud Sint-Jan hospital museum 15th century Canals and building reflect Celtic styles and skills. Triangular facades and decorative door and window treatment as well as the quality of the craft is consistent throughout Europe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368326624-QX0NHKMM6RVGIKGI65G3/01.05+La+jeunesse+d%27Hercule%2C+whole+tap%2C+copy.jpg The Quest - Brussels, Cinquantenaire Museum of the Royal Museums for Art & History 15th century holdings La Jeunesse d’Hercule tapestry evidences the importance of the Hercules legend in Celtic culture. This museum contains a loom and substantial collection. Buses run from Old Town out to this area of town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621368559093-VSH80NKMMOSNI8GM8GIW/01.06+Coudenberg%2C+Brussels%2C+17th+cen+rendering.jpg The Quest - Brussels, Coudenberg Museum 15th century & earlier 17th century rendering of Coudenberg. High-ceilinged, expansive, and replete with arched, striped doorways, the castle cellars have been excavated from underneath a parking lot and form part of the museum, even though the rest of the building was long-since destroyed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621369874534-1V6BPD0VTBK0BBI9XJ5K/01.07+Hallepoort++Porte+de+Halle.jpg The Quest - BRUSSELS, HALLE GATE 15TH CENTURY City gates in Brussels attest to the severity of the threat faced in 15th century Burgundy, as well as the building expertise. Note the conical slate roof of the towers, the scalloped edgings, detail, balance and elegance of the construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622574699456-VSL1SS11W56JP9YTH2V9/01.08+IMG_9213+catalog+v.+2.png The Quest - Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium 15th century Collection 5 volumes list works belonging to the Dukes of Burgundy collection. The exquisitely crafted Books of Hours of the Duke of Berry and hundreds of illuminated manuscripts shine a light into the beauty of 15th century living before the Hapsburg Empire cast Europe back into the dark feudalistic church state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575352393-FKKNDHWFSDYBPVEI9DFM/01.09+Ghent+canal+%2Cclock+tower.jpg The Quest - Ghent, Gravensteen Museum 15th century & earlier Canals, towers and triangular facades exhibit Celtic style and skill. Hydrology constituted an important part of the defensive system, as well as connecting with other cities and towns for trade by waterway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622575428677-TD77B8ZKLLB3NYNKRYR6/01.12+Kortrijk%2C+mural%2C+fallen+couple%2C+hero+hall+.jpg The Quest - Kortrijk (Courtrais) Catherine’s Chapel This portrait of a fallen couple is a detail of one of the 3 walls of panels depicting full-body, full-scale decorated men and women warriors. At the entry to the hall stands a rare sculpture of Charlemagne. Nearby, a statue of Catherine holds an 8-spoked wheel, an invention that is celebrated as a recurring theme across the Celtic world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576237652-HO7MTL6E1X1HJZ6RY9MT/01.13++Kortrijk+city+hall+inside+IMG_1282.jpg The Quest - Kortrijk (Courtais) City Hall Heraldry and intricate wood and stone carving suggest Celtic origin in this exquisite city hall chamber. On the mural, finely-clad women are depicted in active roles with their heads up. The entire beautifully-designed building is open to the public. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622576779827-UH5KE0IRB7DAU7NZDX87/01.14+IMG_9445+7th+century+golden+decoration++Tournai+Museum.jpg The Quest - Tournai Archaeological Museum This small gem of a museum contains a mock-up of the burial chamber of Childeric, a 5th century, Frankish, Merovingian leader, that was excavated near Tournai, as well as many artifacts from that era. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622577002629-CPTU4OBVAASZ6AE48JEF/01.15+IMG_7806.+woman+holding+tongueCR2.jpg The Quest - Tournai Tapestry Museum A woman literally holds her tongue while being dragged from her hearth in this tapestry detail. It feels as though these tapestries are still trying to speak to the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592147787-49TJUTK6W52S2Z90FC2L/07.01+IMG_1661+Franktiskovy+Lazne+.png The Quest - Františkovy Lázne Frankish spa town described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as “heaven on earth” Celtic-Frankish on-going Thermal bath resort town, a comprehensive approach to wellness with parks, therapeutic programs, extensive trails in beautiful natural settings.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592323791-OZFDAOBOEEZE7BA9322N/07.02.05+IMG_1962+Karlovi+Vari.jpg The Quest - Karlovy Vary, Frankish spa town Celtic-Frankish on-going This jewel of a hot springs resort town bears Charlemagne’s name. With its gracious pavilions that shelter mineral water fountains, ornate, intricate ironwork and bridges that crisscross the river, it still stands as one of Europe’s greatest treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592456546-0OHQ3C69UM4GQB1I1YKA/07.03+IMG_2124+map+of+Loket+copy.png The Quest - Loket medieval Snugly tucked into the river loop, this charming town defines the defensible location. It is set in a lovely park. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592685124-A9UDHS0TENW4LD2ZVSC9/07.04+IMG_2175+Marienska+Lazne+park.jpg The Quest - Mariánské Lázné Celtic-Frankish on-going The hilltop park is the centerpiece in this lovely spa town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592973393-RBMTNTDDPWQUMQH85ZIP/02.01+IMG_4802+Alesia+chalice.jpg The Quest - Alésia Celtic Museum and Archaeological Park Pre-Christian Chalice found at site displays intricate, decorative metallurgy with natural motifs. This is the site where Romans starved thousands of Celts to death. The museum shows Asterix comic books that portray the battles of Romans and Celts. Valuable information is also displayed about the imaging technology that finally led to the discovery of this battleground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593150437-3C2SIFDLF9YWDQUTWY4Z/02.02+Beaune+HospiceWomen+with+children+hailed+as+queens.jpg The Quest - Beaune, Hospital Museum 15th century Mother and child hailed by kneeling man amid mille-fleurs background. Honoring women and motherhood, anathema to Christianity’s degradation of women, marks this as Celtic. The building complex here is stunningly beautiful and wonderfully restored, with information about medical history as well as the vaunted wine auctions for charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593293970-QK4FRW8BIZ6I31VY5GNP/02.02.10+Beaune+Dukes+residence%2C+cropped+fachwerk%2C+wine+museum+fachwerk+copy.jpg The Quest - Beaune, Dukes of Burgundy former residence now wine museum Wine presses, barrels and other related equipment from the 15th century are displayed here from the era when Burgundian leadership based in Brussels, but also maintained a presence in what is now French Burgundy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593464874-O7EOIY5BDX27KWQK8ZZM/02.03++Bibracte+hill+IMG_6379.jpg The Quest - Bibracte, Hillfort & Museum of Celtic Civilization Pre-Christian Wooded hilltops in Bibracte region recall refuge from attack that the high forests provided Celts. This was the area to which Julius Caesar repaired after starving out Alesia. The outsize Roman villa dominated the previously same-sized housing units, and the population dissipated.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593581213-BAP99XGLRUD8RXVBBJRP/02.04+Celtic+style+natural+motifs+Bourges+15h+c+3+trees.jpg The Quest - Bourges, Museum of Natural History Pre-Christian Natural motifs are rhythmically shown and bordered, Celtic-style. The museum here contains an extensive collection of gravestones from a Celtic settlement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593785601-NSNEMODNY1U3HG9JVIF2/02.05+IMG_9603+Carcassonne+castle.jpg The Quest - Carcassonne castle museum Pre-Christian & medieval Conical-roofed tower in Frankish style in Carcassone stems from the time when the Church mounted a years-long Crusade against the Cathars here. This area is also known for its Merovingian treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593931734-O0IP905UFP4C3CZIMJ3Q/02.06+IMG_6197+***statue+of+woman+.jpg The Quest - Châtillon-sur-Seine, Museum with Vix treasures Pre-Christian The museum here displays contents of an Iron Age woman’s burial chamber, including a golden torque and 6-foot tall wine crater. Other grave findings include horses and decorations buried with their owners. Items on display are extensive and wide-ranging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594055350-IH3EB3Q7EJ54IE5362X1/02.06.01+Flavigny+crypt+archways.jpg The Quest - Flavigny Carolingian crypt Arched doorways, staircases and superb masonry still characterize this Carolingian crypt of some 12 centuries ago. The town itself is charming, a museum in itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594420940-RWYGVM76ASN3XPA5IC9L/02.07+Fontenay+forge+hearth.jpg The Quest - Fontenay Abbey medieval Iron forge in grand space reflects Celtic regard for manual labor, in marked contrast with Roman attitudes that physical labor was for slaves. Here production is honored and elevated by its surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594614520-OANOX8OPTGK4IWBVGT62/02.08+IMG_4969+Germigny+des+pre%CC%80s+model+.jpg The Quest - Germigny-des-Prés Carolingian Model of 9th century Carolingian building, probably a festive hall with large round space perfected suited to a banquet table. The high windows of the central tower bring light into the entire space at all times of day. The structure is set in a surrounding garden. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594683920-IFWIT29HV9X3XTMG41VF/02.09+IMG_9310+Issoire+%2522Romanesque%2522..jpg The Quest - Issoire, now called church of Saint-Austremoine medieval Rhythmic medallions and motifs, arched, striped doorway, the balance “libra” all suggest Celtic origin. Issoire is in the Auvergne region, home of Vercingetorix, who came to the aid of Alesia. He was taken back to Rome and dragged to death behind a chariot in the coliseum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594906108-AKP1YEFKUYJ2XI9C09NB/02.10+Lille+hospices+facade++.jpg The Quest - Lille, Hospices Comtesse Museum 15th century Brightly colored and decorated Lille hospital from the 15th century accentuates door and window framing with striping to suggest arches and window quoins of alternating colors of brick. Lille was a seat of the Burgundian leaders in the 15th century. Hospitals are part of their legacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595121847-RZDL3GNQ298FHBA5I7H7/02.11+Lille+palais+Rihour+interior+with+ceilling+copy.jpg The Quest - Lille, Rihour Palace, Dukes of Burgundy 15th century Rihour palace from 15th century Burgundy features vaulted ceiling in great hall and Frankish-style tower with conical roof. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595206350-NXLEFS7L88HEZL42AYR6/02.12+IMG_0320+Montherme%CC%81+facade.jpg The Quest - Monthermé, Abbey of Laval Dieu 12th century Dancing woman with shell radiating around her head, pentacle, triangular facade with spirals, brick corner quoins, spirals on crosspiece decoration on roof, all point to Celtic origination. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622598576573-8DCP4VGRQR8FSW5D1WH5/02.12.05+IMG_1486+Cite%CC%81+replica+copy.jpg The Quest - Paris Cité Museum of Architecture Recently opened at Trocadero, the Cité houses a large collection of full-scale replicas, models, cutaways, and videos that allow examination of monuments in multi-dimensional ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599007266-BIGUEPCTI4QW4IKCUWB0/02.13+IMG_0538+Lady+%26+the+mirror.jpg The Quest - Paris, Cluny National Museum of the Middle Ages Pre-Christian & medieval All 6 Lady and the Unicorn tapestries with mille-fleurs background are on display at a newly-fashioned space. The tapestries contain myriad allegorical references and are precisely and expertly designed and crafted. This one might show Marie of Burgundy, last of the Burgundian leaders, distraught by what she sees in history’s mirror. Marie and her niece are credited with saving the 15th century library collection by spiriting it away to Spain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599352961-7K9IMT3IB0DMUC6RHHKV/02.13.05+big_img_3962.jpg The Quest - Paris, Archaeological Crypt of the Parvis of Notre Dame Pre-Christian & medieval One of the most surprising aspects of these excavations that were found during a renovation of Notre Dame is the extensive hospital and care facilities. These ruins are attributed to the Gallic, or Celtic, era around the time of the Roman takeover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599467954-X2ZZ1MBAXKU441JF9S1V/02.15+IMG_0658+Conciergerie+copy.jpg The Quest - Paris, Conciergerie Medieval This island in the Seine is probably the longest inhabited area in Paris, since such islands were most highly-prized for defensive capabilities. Medieval aspects have been restored and opened as a museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599628116-P4MEWT80XU7J0A78SE0I/02.16+IMG_0793+%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2+ceiling.jpg The Quest - Paris, Sainte Chappelle The Sainte Chappelle features vaulted ceilings with gilded ribs and bright colors favored by Celts. Many of the sculptures of females on the rhythmical pedestals around the room have been defaced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599912015-WWMVWZ69DFS67OY6AV30/IMG_7108+Abbaye+des+Pre%CC%81montre%CC%81s%2C+now+open+for+public+use.++Women+are+welcome+again%21.jpg The Quest - Abbaye des Prémontrés Once again welcoming wayfarers of both genders, this abbey is now open to the public for overnight stays and enjoyment of its beautifully restored gardens. In the Lorraine area of France, the Hapsburgs long held sway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600767533-T8L2WDYC6SK7F0UJTTTC/02.17+IMG_8560+Christianity+vs+the+Celts.jpg The Quest - Saint Denis Basilica of St. Denis Column capital of monk and terrified naked subject in crypt dating back to Merovingian era. St. Denis also holds many references to early Turkish and Middle Eastern connections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600881089-BG33FFVF0ZUEU0759NYR/02.18+IMG_20160626_114713+St.+Germain+des+Pres+copy.JPG The Quest - Saint Germain des Près, part of former abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Brightly-colored and gilded ribs of vaulted ceiling, circular light fixtures, rhythmical designs all point to the Celtic origin prior to the Christian conquest of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601014549-QLM3K906XF3HK1FKAK1U/02.19+IMG_5486+necklace+6th+century.jpg The Quest - Saint Germain-en-Laye National Archaeological Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Celts favored this 3-pronged treskele design, shown here as a necklace. A rich and diverse collection of artifacts and information is contained here. Attached parks and gardens were designed by André le Notre. St. Germain-en-Laye is an easy RER ride out of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622592973393-RBMTNTDDPWQUMQH85ZIP/02.01+IMG_4802+Alesia+chalice.jpg The Quest - Alésia Celtic Museum and Archaeological Park Pre-Christian Chalice found at site displays intricate, decorative metallurgy with natural motifs. This is the site where Romans starved thousands of Celts to death. The museum shows Asterix comic books that portray the battles of Romans and Celts. Valuable information is also displayed about the imaging technology that finally led to the discovery of this battleground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593150437-3C2SIFDLF9YWDQUTWY4Z/02.02+Beaune+HospiceWomen+with+children+hailed+as+queens.jpg The Quest - Beaune, Hospital Museum 15th century Mother and child hailed by kneeling man amid mille-fleurs background. Honoring women and motherhood, anathema to Christianity’s degradation of women, marks this as Celtic. The building complex here is stunningly beautiful and wonderfully restored, with information about medical history as well as the vaunted wine auctions for charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593293970-QK4FRW8BIZ6I31VY5GNP/02.02.10+Beaune+Dukes+residence%2C+cropped+fachwerk%2C+wine+museum+fachwerk+copy.jpg The Quest - Beaune, Dukes of Burgundy former residence now wine museum Wine presses, barrels and other related equipment from the 15th century are displayed here from the era when Burgundian leadership based in Brussels, but also maintained a presence in what is now French Burgundy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593464874-O7EOIY5BDX27KWQK8ZZM/02.03++Bibracte+hill+IMG_6379.jpg The Quest - Bibracte, Hillfort & Museum of Celtic Civilization Pre-Christian Wooded hilltops in Bibracte region recall refuge from attack that the high forests provided Celts. This was the area to which Julius Caesar repaired after starving out Alesia. The outsize Roman villa dominated the previously same-sized housing units, and the population dissipated.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593581213-BAP99XGLRUD8RXVBBJRP/02.04+Celtic+style+natural+motifs+Bourges+15h+c+3+trees.jpg The Quest - Bourges, Museum of Natural History Pre-Christian Natural motifs are rhythmically shown and bordered, Celtic-style. The museum here contains an extensive collection of gravestones from a Celtic settlement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593785601-NSNEMODNY1U3HG9JVIF2/02.05+IMG_9603+Carcassonne+castle.jpg The Quest - Carcassonne castle museum Pre-Christian & medieval Conical-roofed tower in Frankish style in Carcassone stems from the time when the Church mounted a years-long Crusade against the Cathars here. This area is also known for its Merovingian treasures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622593931734-O0IP905UFP4C3CZIMJ3Q/02.06+IMG_6197+***statue+of+woman+.jpg The Quest - Châtillon-sur-Seine, Museum with Vix treasures Pre-Christian The museum here displays contents of an Iron Age woman’s burial chamber, including a golden torque and 6-foot tall wine crater. Other grave findings include horses and decorations buried with their owners. Items on display are extensive and wide-ranging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594055350-IH3EB3Q7EJ54IE5362X1/02.06.01+Flavigny+crypt+archways.jpg The Quest - Flavigny Carolingian crypt Arched doorways, staircases and superb masonry still characterize this Carolingian crypt of some 12 centuries ago. The town itself is charming, a museum in itself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594420940-RWYGVM76ASN3XPA5IC9L/02.07+Fontenay+forge+hearth.jpg The Quest - Fontenay Abbey medieval Iron forge in grand space reflects Celtic regard for manual labor, in marked contrast with Roman attitudes that physical labor was for slaves. Here production is honored and elevated by its surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594614520-OANOX8OPTGK4IWBVGT62/02.08+IMG_4969+Germigny+des+pre%CC%80s+model+.jpg The Quest - Germigny-des-Prés Carolingian Model of 9th century Carolingian building, probably a festive hall with large round space perfected suited to a banquet table. The high windows of the central tower bring light into the entire space at all times of day. The structure is set in a surrounding garden. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594683920-IFWIT29HV9X3XTMG41VF/02.09+IMG_9310+Issoire+%2522Romanesque%2522..jpg The Quest - Issoire, now called church of Saint-Austremoine medieval Rhythmic medallions and motifs, arched, striped doorway, the balance “libra” all suggest Celtic origin. Issoire is in the Auvergne region, home of Vercingetorix, who came to the aid of Alesia. He was taken back to Rome and dragged to death behind a chariot in the coliseum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622594906108-AKP1YEFKUYJ2XI9C09NB/02.10+Lille+hospices+facade++.jpg The Quest - Lille, Hospices Comtesse Museum 15th century Brightly colored and decorated Lille hospital from the 15th century accentuates door and window framing with striping to suggest arches and window quoins of alternating colors of brick. Lille was a seat of the Burgundian leaders in the 15th century. Hospitals are part of their legacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595121847-RZDL3GNQ298FHBA5I7H7/02.11+Lille+palais+Rihour+interior+with+ceilling+copy.jpg The Quest - Lille, Rihour Palace, Dukes of Burgundy 15th century Rihour palace from 15th century Burgundy features vaulted ceiling in great hall and Frankish-style tower with conical roof. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622595206350-NXLEFS7L88HEZL42AYR6/02.12+IMG_0320+Montherme%CC%81+facade.jpg The Quest - Monthermé, Abbey of Laval Dieu 12th century Dancing woman with shell radiating around her head, pentacle, triangular facade with spirals, brick corner quoins, spirals on crosspiece decoration on roof, all point to Celtic origination. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622598576573-8DCP4VGRQR8FSW5D1WH5/02.12.05+IMG_1486+Cite%CC%81+replica+copy.jpg The Quest - Paris Cité Museum of Architecture Recently opened at Trocadero, the Cité houses a large collection of full-scale replicas, models, cutaways, and videos that allow examination of monuments in multi-dimensional ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599007266-BIGUEPCTI4QW4IKCUWB0/02.13+IMG_0538+Lady+%26+the+mirror.jpg The Quest - Paris, Cluny National Museum of the Middle Ages Pre-Christian & medieval All 6 Lady and the Unicorn tapestries with mille-fleurs background are on display at a newly-fashioned space. The tapestries contain myriad allegorical references and are precisely and expertly designed and crafted. This one might show Marie of Burgundy, last of the Burgundian leaders, distraught by what she sees in history’s mirror. Marie and her niece are credited with saving the 15th century library collection by spiriting it away to Spain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599352961-7K9IMT3IB0DMUC6RHHKV/02.13.05+big_img_3962.jpg The Quest - Paris, Archaeological Crypt of the Parvis of Notre Dame Pre-Christian & medieval One of the most surprising aspects of these excavations that were found during a renovation of Notre Dame is the extensive hospital and care facilities. These ruins are attributed to the Gallic, or Celtic, era around the time of the Roman takeover. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599467954-X2ZZ1MBAXKU441JF9S1V/02.15+IMG_0658+Conciergerie+copy.jpg The Quest - Paris, Conciergerie Medieval This island in the Seine is probably the longest inhabited area in Paris, since such islands were most highly-prized for defensive capabilities. Medieval aspects have been restored and opened as a museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599628116-P4MEWT80XU7J0A78SE0I/02.16+IMG_0793+%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2+ceiling.jpg The Quest - Paris, Sainte Chappelle The Sainte Chappelle features vaulted ceilings with gilded ribs and bright colors favored by Celts. Many of the sculptures of females on the rhythmical pedestals around the room have been defaced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622599912015-WWMVWZ69DFS67OY6AV30/IMG_7108+Abbaye+des+Pre%CC%81montre%CC%81s%2C+now+open+for+public+use.++Women+are+welcome+again%21.jpg The Quest - Abbaye des Prémontrés Once again welcoming wayfarers of both genders, this abbey is now open to the public for overnight stays and enjoyment of its beautifully restored gardens. In the Lorraine area of France, the Hapsburgs long held sway. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600767533-T8L2WDYC6SK7F0UJTTTC/02.17+IMG_8560+Christianity+vs+the+Celts.jpg The Quest - Saint Denis Basilica of St. Denis Column capital of monk and terrified naked subject in crypt dating back to Merovingian era. St. Denis also holds many references to early Turkish and Middle Eastern connections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622600881089-BG33FFVF0ZUEU0759NYR/02.18+IMG_20160626_114713+St.+Germain+des+Pres+copy.JPG The Quest - Saint Germain des Près, part of former abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Brightly-colored and gilded ribs of vaulted ceiling, circular light fixtures, rhythmical designs all point to the Celtic origin prior to the Christian conquest of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601222569-1VWH90D7TILWG6XOFYZW/02.19+IMG_5486+necklace+6th+century.jpg The Quest - Saint Germain-en-Laye National Archaeological Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Celts favored this 3-pronged treskele design, shown here as a necklace. A rich and diverse collection of artifacts and information is contained here. Attached parks and gardens were designed by André le Notre. St. Germain-en-Laye is an easy RER ride out of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601555076-JZ4QMW71XJCR4YVIYJ21/1200px-Ho%CC%82tel_ville_St_Maur_Fosse%CC%81s_11.jpg The Quest - St. Maur des Fossés Extensive ruins and gardens from a Merovingian abbey that is reached fairly easily from Paris by train. A walk through the town brings you into the abbey district that includes a restaurant with a view into horse performance halls. This abbey was known for its stables. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601701243-M5VS3TEAOFRXYFBGSNO7/03.01+Aachen+octagon+exterior.jpg The Quest - Aachen, octagonal tower in Palatine Chapel Carolingian According to legend, Charlemagne the Frank was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in this hall in Aachen, or Aix-la-Chappelle. Given the ferocity with which the Franks sought freedom from Roman conquest and domination, however, it remains highly unlikely that Charles the Great would have submitted voluntarily to his ancestors’ arch-enemy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601792993-2VYUHJND2IGTXMXV4PCF/03.02+IMG_8670+Mock-up+of+interior+courtyard+at+Dargun+Abbey%2C+Germany%2C+showing+typical+Celtic+gallery+styling.jpg The Quest - Dargun Abbey, Mecklenburg at least 12th century Dargun Abbey features interior courtyard of multi-story galleries, typical of Frankish abbeys and castles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622601906229-JKBUPJCC51FCR2FQ1Z0M/03.03+Donnersberg+village+sketch+copy.jpg The Quest - Donnersberg ancient Celtic settlement site Pre-Christian Fortified town of same-size dwellings with forested hilltop shows no sign of outside royal residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602313327-V3J4UPAX4B3Q279GD05I/03.04+Eberbach+coutryard%2C+tower.jpg The Quest - Eberbach Abbey & wine cellar medieval Rhythmical, brightly-colored arches and windows adorn the courtyard of this abbey that sits just above the entry of the Rhine River onto the plains. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602415380-GTGZ8US5OZGQV2NUVUB2/03.05+IMG_8300+Filled-in+arches+at+Eldena+Kloster%2C+likely+former+Celtic+abbey%2C+on+Baltic+Coast+in+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany..jpg The Quest - Eldena Kloster, Mecklenburg 12th century Archways like these were commonly bricked in, presumably after imperial conquest, turning pavilions into enclosures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602585994-1C3HLBHWC8I73GBJBKPK/03.06+IMG_7459+Fulda+crypt.jpg The Quest - Fulda, St. Michael’s Church crypt & Vonderau Museum Carolingian Beneath what was probably a Celtic festival hall founded by Charlemagne, lie subterranean cellars, perhaps used for wine storage. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602670658-TBUT49R8INLAF20AQ2H9/03.07+IMG_2638+Glauberg+gold+necklace.jpg The Quest - Glauberg Archaeological Park & Museum late Hallstatt, early La Tène Gold jewelry, coriander, bread-making – these are a few of the surprises from the ancient Celtic population here, now shared with the museum through excavations. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602817285-UX4V6RDCNNV0WTRH0PE5/03.08+Heidelberg+Celtic+hill.jpg The Quest - Heidelberg Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian and medieval This hill across the river from Heidelberg holds ancient Celtic burial grounds, many artifacts from which now form part of the local museum collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622602957136-KI22WVMPGZU6P0VSEYVI/03.09++IMG_7044+Heidengraben+sketch+of+Iron+Age+village.JPG The Quest - Heidengraben, Baden Württemberg Pre-Christian ancient Celtic burial site Hamlets like the one shown here apparently spread across hundreds of acres in this area. Only a small part is now being excavated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603108955-DKV85PZ89W8HECJNZ53W/03.10+Heuneberg+festhall.JPG The Quest - Heuneburg, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian This festive hall belongs to the reconstructed fortified Iron Age village on the ridge over the Danube valley. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603200451-5C5J7D9O3CRHQUALISM5/03.11+IMG_7265+Hochdorf%2C+Germany.+Ceiling+.JPG The Quest - Hochdorf, Celtic Museum Pre-Christian Ceilings constructed with mathematical precision and aesthetics are one of the hallmarks of Celtic buildings, like this Iron Age example at Hochdorf. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622603327239-37E45G1J7576H2CAQGHA/03.12+IMG_0568+painted+ribs+with+decorations.png The Quest - Kornelimünster Abbey & fest hall Carolingian Colorful ribbing in the vaulting combine with natural motifs at the intersections to keep celebrants looking up in the original festive halls before conversion to churches. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651501438-HDHEPOVMDECQEWVR1PZ1/03.13+Lorsch%2C+Charlemagne%27s+hall.jpg The Quest - Lorsch Abbey Carolingian Hexagons, diamonds and square tiles join with trompe-l’oeil pillars and archways in one of the abbeys founded by Charlemagne in the Odenwald. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622651972128-P43BFRFTIBRMUBMPXJ6B/03.14+IMG_1007+Elizabethkirche+Marburg+hall-church.jpg The Quest - Marburg Elizabethkirche, Hall-Church Marburger Schloss (castle) early medieval crossing of Cologne-Prague, North Sea to Alps routes Transition from Celtic hall to Christian church can be detected here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652139211-5W9FMNSZL8K40QF6XWX3/03.14.04+IMG_3239+Mariaburg.jpg The Quest - Mariaburg From the highest point around, Mariaburg commands a view down the Mosel River. Burg is the German word for castle, and its location certainly indicates defensive placement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622652979994-RLRJQGF4UR3ONA93WDMX/03.15+Pru%CC%88m+Abbey+statue++IMG_3475+from+previous+trip+.jpg The Quest - Prüm Abbey Carolingian Rare surviving statue of female architect at an abbey from Charlemagne’s era, founded under his direction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653133704-SE7JB8Q8EACNKHKCZBN0/03.16++Celtic+golden+hat%2C+Speyer+Museum+.JPG The Quest - Speyer, Historical Museum of the Palatinate Pre-Christian Along with this spectacular golden hat, this museum contains a wealth of Celtic Iron Age artifacts garnered from excavations in the surrounding area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653247960-QE7ETWS4YCKMG2SZPU8R/03.17+IMG_7381+Stuttgart%2C+Germany.++Iron+Age+wagon.JPG The Quest - Stuttgart, State Museum of Archaeology Pre-Christian Housed in a splendid old castle, this museum contains considerable golden Iron Age jewelry, gilded horns and other ornamentation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653417025-E2FGRNXK4VCXJ4O9G7J8/03.18+IMG_8523+Stolpe+castle%2C+Usedom%2C+Mecklenburg%2C+Germany%2C+with+Celtic-style+watchtowers%2C+red+roofs%2C+arched+windows..jpg The Quest - Usedom, Stolpe Castle, Mecklenburg plentiful Pre-Christian artifacts found in this area Remarkable crafting in a castle, with nearby abbey and ferry dock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653556562-EIUJIPWJV61F2W87R6PQ/03.19+IMG_6016+post+placement+at+Magdalenenberg+site.jpg The Quest - Villingen Franziskanermuseum & site of tumulus excavation Pre-Christian Posts like these occur at other Celtic burial sites to mark the location. Finds from this site are on display at the museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653736469-IBGWQVBIQRR5J74BF8VP/3.20+IMG_4350+gold+coins%2C+Worms.jpg The Quest - Worms, Germany, Celtic “Borbetomagus,” on Rhine River, City Museum at the wall Pre-Christian A wealth of treasures await at the Worms in the museum located in the former Andreas Abbey. This city used to be the Burgundian capital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622653878278-QJAQOW655DZW3M07S5IN/03.21+IMG_1578+Wysburg+map+of+Celtic+village+copy.jpg The Quest - Wysburg Hard to find excavation, this site is valuable for its placards of archaeological information and the typically Celtic surrounds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660852463-F7GZ4S4WDWKWEC07ONZC/06.05+IMG_7255++Castle+in+Clairvaux%2C+features+familiar+darl%2C+pitched+Frankish-style+roofs+and+dormers.+.jpg The Quest - Clairvaux Museum Exhibits here allow valuable insights into Luxembourg’s castles, with numerous models. Explanations also point out that royalty took over the castles after conquest, but that the castles served defensive purposes beforehand, with their massive fortifications. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622660976220-5QU9511IMRCO3742XQJQ/06.20+IMG_3717+Titelberg+foundations+and+setting.jpg The Quest - Titelberg Remote and inaccessible, this active excavation of festive hall, market place, baths can be seen through fencing. A long hike from parking follows many miles on a one-lane dirt road. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661247885-K1C3NMFH8GD32BU7LFQ2/05.01+Bled+castle+III.jpg The Quest - Bled Castle Museum Pre-Christian Video presentations enrich the displays, and the building itself provides familiar Celtic style. The museum in this stunning setting welcomes guests to linger on its inviting terraces and restaurant, with traditional Celtic hospitality. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661626260-PKHE3TLCRC7DF1QPE4OL/05.01.01+IMG_5281+Bogensperk+front.jpg The Quest - Bogensperk Permanent and temporary exhibits enhance the understanding of this castle for which 17th century author and illustrator Janez Valvasor is renown. Wagensberg, in German, was also a home base for the Duchess of Mecklenburg, who prior to WWI uncovered thousands of Iron Age artifacts. Part of her collection belongs to Harvard’s Peabody Museum and Harvard Press has published a book about her finds in Slovenia and Hallstatt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661729504-3YWRWERM9QUS2KR2YXRA/05.02+IMG_2422**+Celje+tower.jpg The Quest - Celje, Castle on the hill, Counts of Celje Pre-Christian & medieval Both the fortifications here on the hilltop and the view they afford give a sense of Celtic love of beauty and their extensive defensive systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622661890051-ZCQMU140UOD1O022C9D5/05.06++Celje+Counts%3B+mansion+museum.jpg The Quest - Celje, Regional Museum, Counts of Celje domain medieval From the 11th century, the Counts of Celje served as officials in the overall defensive system of duchies, with multiple counties constituting one duchy. This was their official residence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662005876-UBN5J74VL3FA9E65R3F6/05.07+IMG_5877+Celje+Archeology+Museum+woman+on+tombstone.jpg The Quest - Celje Archaeological Museum This tombstone with a scene from the Trojan War is an example of the vast collection in the Archaeological Museum in Cell. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662166481-DO0HI0CQ3SZSQ8L6EWUK/05.08+IMG_9650+Pannonia-+Norican+girl+from+southern+Austria.jpg The Quest - Ljubljana, National Museum Pre-Christian “Norico-Pannonian girl as shown on a funerary monument from Klagenfurt in southern Austria.” These and other displays from the first several centuries of the current era distinguish this rich collection of pre- and post- Roman occupation artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662249710-E3704OKRJX76E9PGWN6N/05.09+IMG_4830+Metlika+museum+courtyard+.jpg The Quest - Metlika Museum A collection like this in a surprising out-of-the-way refuge castle exemplifies both the importance and commonality of Celtic style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662380729-LOBY6JYJ12QDOR9N7GS6/05.10+IMG_4670+horses+on+situla+in+Novo+Mesto.jpg The Quest - Lower Carniola Museum, or the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto Horses prance along on a wine-mixing vessel, or situla, in the Dolenjska Museum in Novo Mesto, in an impressive collection of local Celtic artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662508061-0LXTL15S5F5VIDED14YD/05.11+Otocec+blue+sky.jpg The Quest - Otocec Castle Although the castle is now a private hotel on the island, the grounds and parklands remain open to the public. The courtyard is a perfect place for afternoon tea. Nearby thermal resort Šmarješke Toplice features parklands and connections with hiking trails. The island in the river and nearby Novo mesto in a loop in the river made prime defensible places. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662611571-ARH0VWW8TPV9238KZYT6/05.11.05.++Pleterje+gate+%28SLO_%29%2C+.jpg The Quest - Pleterje Abbey An abbey still known for its spirits, namely distillations of fruits like pear, apple and plum, visitors are still welcomed into restricted areas of its operations. Products are for sale in the tourist shop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662709336-33WX12SY5VWAG4PWW2BI/05.12+IMG_1992+Ptuj+castle.jpg The Quest - Ptuj, Castle Museum Pre-Christian & medieval Said to be Slovenia’s oldest Roman town, the town known as Poetovia must have housed an earlier Celtic one until it was overtaken. The view of the Pannonian Plains is splendid on a clear day, and old town is fascinating. A pedestrian bridge over the river connects with a thermal resort. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622662929220-EFCSJ6CHRV28C545S11C/05.13+Sticna+valley+copy.jpg The Quest - Stična Abbey Pre-Christian & medieval Historically Stična was renown for its library and agriculture. The library was burned in the Middle Ages, consistent with the theory that the older abbeys began as Celtic bastions of learning. Roman Catholics notoriously burned books of peoples they were overtaking, for example throughout South America and the Phillipines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622663068717-5XF9YESKBZZQ8477WQG6/05.13.05+Zice%2C+the+path+in.jpg The Quest - Žiče Abbey medieval A center for illuminated manuscripts, pottery and wine, this complex also contains ruins of an old festive hall and hording. Gardens provided sustenance inside and outside the walls. https://www.lexicuspress.com/celtic-burgundy-europe daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882786562-W33T5G2SJUTVZ8RION3M/2431_RGB.jpg Celtic Burgundy & Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1612462753634-C2N1TIS1CW7F1ACZ4630/HWS_Burgundy_Paperback-cover-approved.png Celtic Burgundy & Europe https://www.lexicuspress.com/jacquis-view daily 0.75 2025-01-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1620859530078-NFD8EXU31WCY8OFQ2Y0G/2275_RGB_square.jpg Jacqui's View Jacqueline Widmar Stewart, author https://www.lexicuspress.com/parks-and-gardens-in-greater-paris daily 0.75 2026-02-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882684669-XU35N9GS4L6DU9M25E0B/2431_RGB.jpg Parks and Gardens in Greater Paris 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History of Europe, Celts & Freedom - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622924155662-CB9S8XAMEPR7SAOAHS1Y/HWS1-Freedom_Paperback-cover_german.png Hidden Women: A History of Europe, Celts & Freedom - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622924764048-6U4FPBZ3R47LL6TCXRVJ/HSW1_Slovenian_Free_eBook_cover.png Hidden Women: A History of Europe, Celts & Freedom - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lexicuspress.com/the-big-problem-with-being-a-churchstate daily 0.75 2021-10-05 https://www.lexicuspress.com/liberty-for-all daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://www.lexicuspress.com/blairs-view daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621195871694-6L694XWEB45DQ1QCYYZ1/2370_RGB.jpg Blair's View Blair Stewart, Film Maker https://www.lexicuspress.com/essential-lessons-from-ancestral-women daily 0.75 2021-10-15 https://www.lexicuspress.com/books-we-recommend daily 0.75 2021-10-04 https://www.lexicuspress.com/charlemagne-from-paris-to-prague daily 0.75 2022-09-08 https://www.lexicuspress.com/finding-slovenia daily 0.75 2026-02-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882651999-D4RZXWKW195ZOON9BRGE/2431_RGB.jpg Finding Slovenia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5360c2df-9846-44f9-9421-45bcc6615f4a/mk-k-web.png Finding Slovenia - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/a80e37af-4721-4051-9f57-ad12b99ce6d0/++++++++Finding+Slovenia+by+Jacqueline+Widmar+Stewart%2C+2nd+edition.png Finding Slovenia https://www.lexicuspress.com/films-2 daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://www.lexicuspress.com/the-glaciers-treasure-trove daily 0.75 2024-06-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882556706-C16M1CNTNCHKC7O6CYJL/2431_RGB.png The Glaciers' Treasure Trove https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5f58f441-c6b3-4104-a60f-7d8c8505632b/cover+1+Lake+Michigan.jpg The Glaciers' Treasure Trove https://www.lexicuspress.com/the-author daily 0.75 2025-01-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/e6c590f5-41c1-47b6-83d7-dc6f45e37bee/3.+JWS+%26+Carol+on+deck+at+Lake.jpg The Author Jacqui & Carol Ruzic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/8f31ee02-ab07-4244-89c2-39476bb4a745/10.+Roman+Kirn+%26+JWS.jpg The Author With Ambassador Roman Kirn https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/76aadaac-4725-4b40-ab1e-b6e9edf04ffc/18.+MH+on+Balcony+copy.jpg The Author Marie-Hélène Marty https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/da9f71bf-753a-41e3-9368-871ea3dcc233/24.+Reims+City+Hall+JWS%2C+Mayor+Robinet%2C+Maria+Adle.jpg The Author Reims with Mayor & Maria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/64dd00a4-2071-48a2-b604-39c7b6ebf251/IMG_0729+bookself+with+FS+book+in+SLO.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5324cd53-fadc-45b7-ae7d-4f09d1e558ce/4.+John+Weber++P1040397.JPG The Author John Weber https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/fe3927ca-bafe-4121-a969-9a9dcbd2e019/Irenca%2C+Dario%2C+B%26J.jpg The Author Lake Bled https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/059a944a-155c-46f1-aa74-fc853c184f36/19.+M%26N+%26+pumpkin.jpg The Author Nicole and Maurice Schilis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/bc89f56e-94f8-4c59-b9bf-9b341599f667/25.+Sceaux+book+signing+IMG_3382+.jpg The Author Sceaux https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/9661765e-8189-47e6-a9f9-1d2d8945a029/IMG_3137+Ljubljana+Mk+signing+FS+books.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/77d71349-dbaa-400e-b509-b73bac0028c5/5.+Irene+Povse.jpg The Author Irene Povše https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/ae3055f6-8447-43fd-9af5-24656709856d/11.+Danilo+Tu%CC%88rk%2C+JWS+photo+cropped.jpg The Author 1st copy to President Danilo Turk https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/f77b867b-fe4f-43da-8705-70df850d47da/20.+B%26M+at+St+Suz+cropped.jpg The Author Nicole and Maurice Schilis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/162e8ff6-7390-4ac2-86f9-3353b8c18a1d/26.+Tuileries.jpg The Author Jardin des Tuileries, Paris https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/7e8f7eed-7f8a-4753-bfe8-1f5aefea76d9/IMG_4478+Tuileries+Garden+Book+Shop+display+of+PP%26G+book.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/bf17d95c-28e7-412c-9d6d-6dd1915f2838/JWS+at+fair+with+4+books.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/ff68807a-8fff-43b6-a585-39cd60221870/Palo+Alto+Books+Inc+book+talk+IMG_0309.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/4b1329e3-e11c-45fe-995a-f84e7e906531/IMG_1258.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1620859530078-NFD8EXU31WCY8OFQ2Y0G/2275_RGB_square.jpg The Author Jacqueline Widmar Stewart, author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1621195871694-6L694XWEB45DQ1QCYYZ1/2370_RGB.jpg The Author Blair Stewart, Film Maker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622671357170-VQVUZZ4A6V0VNGJEZUNR/1.+Stanford+Bookstore+with+JWS+at+red+table+copy.jpg The Author Stanford University Bookstore https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622671945343-F791IHRN3X8236KGYPK4/2.+GTT+cover.jpg The Author The first book https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622671975160-A5WT8E7F29GVNS8Z1NOV/7.+Finding+Slovenia+book+cover+.jpg The Author The second book https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622672854432-FFJZC7E8ANGL79NQ5F23/6.+Senja+Pozar.png The Author Senja Požar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622673094835-9CLAQMYH32XVUOCEN2DQ/7.+Finding+Slovenia+book+cover+.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622672996744-HSRE50CHCVPLZIL2TQHS/8.+LJ+press+conference+at+book+launch+IMG_0748+.jpg The Author Ljubljana launch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622675768717-JKS75VIRI77YKT1PVXHC/12.+Bled+castle+champagne+book+reception+IMG_0913+++copy.jpg The Author Bled castle reception by Eva Straus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622675833529-Z89GX4RIQKP8XPC4Z8EM/13.++London+bk.fest+certificate+for+book+award+-+Finding+Slovenia.jpg The Author London Book Festival https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622675922543-SYB4RX73UKCA1CTM372Y/14.+Frankfurt+Book+Fair+IMG_1005+.jpg The Author Frankfurt Book Fair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622676134255-1CZ4Y97NGW3MAL45QG2Y/15.+Frankfurt+Book+Fair+IMG_0998+.jpg The Author Frankfurt Book Fair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622676255810-9F7IQFGDYBWC3B6DYIRZ/16.+Frankfurt+Book+Fair+IMG_1003.jpg The Author Frankfurt Book Fair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622676302744-4V8KLI6JTNRMOR1ZS418/17.+JWS+Parcs+et+jardins+cover+ISBN+978-3-86905-007-2.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622677044492-TC6HXZHU2I3X1DX2TG81/21.+Bois+de+Boulogne%2C+Bagatelle+B+%26+Patrick.JPG The Author Bois de Boulogne, Bagatelle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622677672667-JV91BE7SAK8LQNGCF451/23.+Champagne+Regained+cover+.jpg The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622678131826-7CSFO79I3ZZLB75NWERA/27.++Publishers+at+Tuileries.jpg The Author Axel Menges, Dorothea Duwe, Publishers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622678286859-B8QAOFOPX51HG75Q38O3/28.+Tuileries+book+signing.jpg The Author Librairie des Jardins book signing https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622678333819-SSRST6IL2XHCG421XWMY/31.+tour+of+champagne+cellars+with+Ivy+Leaders+IMG_3272+Reims.jpg The Author Tour of Champagne Cellars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622682655336-337Y4TP1NG472XSOVY1X/32.+Stanford+Bookstore+IMG_0090.jpg The Author Stanford University Bookstore https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622682761094-BJSXIONYAOXF2KS1NZ6U/33.+Palo+Alto+Books+Inc+book+talk%2C+with+Barbara+Babcock+in+attendance+IMG_0310.jpg The Author Palo Alto, Books Inc https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622682833928-VPTDRHAYWQBDI43KKEXW/34.+Champagne+Regained+book+launch+party+photo-1.JPG The Author Palo Alto https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683346699-S1Q9X9S4T1WAT534FZYR/HWS1_Freedom_cover.png The Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683401421-6A9WCMNIR46XMUDDIY3C/35.+Remy+IMG_7010++cropped.jpg The Author Remy Steiner, artist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683488703-8F89FE02FMSSLMCZGTMJ/36.+University+Club+of+Chicago.jpg The Author Chicago, University Club https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622683697570-SHY0OMNQIWEC38NFV800/38.+JWS_BWS+photo+for+4_16+Rotary+presentation.jpg The Author Jacqui & Blair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684008251-UY87HWYSM4R8T8R1I346/39.+JWS+%26+Maria+Besson+at+Stanford+Authors+Meet+%26+GreetIMG_9363.JPG The Author With fellow Stanford Alumni author Maria Adle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684096899-105AK1QCRVWEH50F3XI3/40.+Paris%2C+literary+salon+.jpg The Author Paris Literary Salon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1622684188576-X22HS7T2PWUHY6VI02WS/41.+Paris+Embassy+gardens+JWS+with+Richard.jpg The Author Paris, presentation at American Embassy Gardens https://www.lexicuspress.com/milly-la-foret daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://www.lexicuspress.com/films-1 daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://www.lexicuspress.com/12-keys-to-a-fully-prosperous-world daily 0.75 2021-06-16 https://www.lexicuspress.com/charlemagnes-celtic-domain daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882857934-S9EL618WLCRT079FORFZ/2431_RGB.jpg Charlemagne's Celtic Domain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1612413697453-NL65PZWDJKDEZESNVEFQ/HWS4_cover-approved.png Charlemagne's Celtic Domain https://www.lexicuspress.com/frankish-splendor-valor-in-celtic-europe daily 0.75 2021-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882818025-ASIVQH3VZTQIN9TMVGOT/2431_RGB.jpg Frankish Splendor & Valor in Celtic Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1612461073717-VEA6MXNKWY0HYHU7Q0J1/HWS3_Frankish_cover.png Frankish Splendor & Valor in Celtic Europe https://www.lexicuspress.com/films daily 0.75 2022-09-09 https://www.lexicuspress.com/recent-events daily 0.75 2022-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/3cf62f5a-3032-4227-82d5-18b5670586e7/17.+Bamberg+Castle+from+the+beach%2C1985.png Recent Events Bamberg, England. Refuge castle strategically located https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/ba39477e-a4de-4ba1-a973-920e97a8c377/32.+Kortrijk+couple+with+shield+close-up+IMG_1013+2.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/2965f170-b898-4857-8f67-5caa568359af/33.+Beatrice+of+Quedlinburg360px-Hase_Quast_1877_S_11_Nr_2_Beatix_I.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/a0efde3c-5ca2-4c45-bdb2-8c8f5145bef3/18.+Quedlinburg+IMG_2630++market.jpg Recent Events Quedlinburg, Germany. Typical market square with fest hall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/eb0707eb-0173-4f85-81f8-fc8a94f4636b/32.+Kortrijk%2C+fallen+couple+IMG_1003+.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/f2de48cf-98fb-45ec-b572-28620c262caf/33.+Hallstatt+Mariahimmelfahrt++left+with+sword+IMG_1073+3+gilded+women+copy.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/52d86953-a49f-48c1-8a4b-06a2fabc819e/19.+St.+Honore%CC%81-des-Bains+bldg.jpg Recent Events Hot springs drew Celts over the winter, like this one in St. Honoré-les-Bains, France. Rome claimed the thermals. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5cf6fa56-ff96-4c3a-969a-888324ae199a/32.+Kortrijk.+fallen+couple+darkened+IMG_0998++copy.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/5038dcd2-58a8-424c-8dbb-623b3c5f87d2/33.+Sankt+Leonhard%2C+Austria.IMG_5519+cropped+Warrior+with+golden+goblet.+.jpg Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626911536071-K7OAJJ5E8QLWV7QZV1SI/03.+Magdalenaberg+sculpture+of+woman%2C+%2C+Austria+.jpg Recent Events Magdalenaberg, Austria. Celtic Iron Age gold mining village https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626911761970-3YCE8XDT2WIOB01PSZ5S/05.+Hallstatt++IMG_1139+lake%2C+pier+.jpg Recent Events Hallstatt, Austria, site credited with iron smelting discovery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626911879227-NF5NSCWWQNM25BRV5VT5/06.+Alesia+hill+with+houses.jpg Recent Events Alesia, in today’s Burgundy, France, formerly Gaul https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626912463611-IQVM0LBI4BXYI4WDWFTC/07.+Chatillon-sur-Seins+IMG_6091+gold+jewelry.jpg Recent Events Vix treasures, from woman warrior’s grave in Gaul https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626912516498-937VVYPKAI66QDFN4JCQ/08.+Cha%CC%82tilion+gold+torque+IMG_6154+.jpg Recent Events Vix treasures, from woman warrior’s grave in Gaul https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626912645583-5RKSJH32CTR37W93EGOJ/09.+Chatillon-sur-Seine+IMG_6156+golden+winged+horse.jpg Recent Events Winged horse detail on torque in woman warrior’s grave, Gaul https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626913178291-22VVGA2N7Y8TZ018AQ45/10.+golden+shoes+-+Stuttgart.jpg Recent Events Iron Age Celtic gold shoes, Germany https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626913327227-AGH5QR7MT7TOC17JW16C/10.+Speyer+museum+golden+hat+copy.jpg Recent Events Iron Age Celtic gold hat, Germany https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626913451114-7HUFZTSV2UYV0P9KMKW4/11.+340px-Jean-Le%CC%81on_Ge%CC%81ro%CC%82me_004.jpg Recent Events Slave Market in Ancient Rome, by Jean-Léon Gérôme https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626913550530-K23HU7F6R9P965AY74UI/11.+440px-Charles_Bartlett_-_Captives_in_Rome%2C_1888.jpg Recent Events - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626985205846-983NVZPQUQ8T0DF5CFMQ/12.+coin+IMG_9475++sharpened%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2%E2%80%A2Gallic+with+female+warrior+and+horse+copy.png Recent Events Celtic coin showing woman warrior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626985285946-98IANU9LZBA69XYICOG3/13.+Caesar_s+coin+lightened.png Recent Events Roman coin projecting power, instilling fear https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626985555795-JO0XPV3QGTGOFIWF4478/15.+Kriemhild-Siegfried_and_.png Recent Events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1626986318087-U1AS4246SZAOABNRORDL/16.+Clovis+_+Clothilde.png Recent Events Clovis and Clothilde led together as 5th century Merovingians, decorated with gold crowns as heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1627060573898-0FBGCDS3L1FU6M2H9Q7B/20.+Montherme+statue+IMG_0320+copy.jpg Recent Events Abbeys offered education and work. Laval at Monthermé, France, likely honors woman founder https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628016156037-TLAQNT6GHPBXJA6SCGB1/22.+Laon+festive+hall+through+the+trees+++IMG_4582sharpened+2.jpg Recent Events Laon, France. Former Celtic fest hall, now called a cathedral https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628016513553-4GP83GSJW452POKEUGYG/23.+Joan+of+Arc+Raucourt.+IMG_4109+.jpg Recent Events Memorials to women burned as witches are hidden in plain view. This one to Joan of Arc is in Raucourt, France https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628016572686-6U5M45TYSYD7GZC8B5B3/24.+St.+Denis.+Christianity+vs+the+Celts++IMG_8560+cropped.jpg Recent Events This stone carving of monk striking captive Celt is hidden in plain view in a dark crypt in St. Denis, France https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628016602267-53X8MDS9C9GM6O0K1BC6/25.+Nibelungenlied+Fragment%2C+Berlin%2C+SB%2C+Fragm.+44440px-Berlin_fragm_44+copy.jpg Recent Events The tale of Kremhilde is told in the Nibelungenlied manuscripts held at Lorsch Abbey, Germany. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628016808955-2C3HRIBO3YLJPQW8AR4D/26%2C+Fontfroid+courtyard+IMG_9973.jpg Recent Events Fontfoide Abbey overtaken by all-male religious order https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628017607058-BM07SX2IJNHOZB6DEDUL/27.+Aulne+Abbey%2C+IMG_9372+Thuin.jpg Recent Events Aulne Abbey, Belgium, fell into ruin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628017697997-B3KQ8VG2I41HMWXITLBT/28.+Chatillon-sur-Seine%2C+France%2C+statue+of+woman+.jpg Recent Events Beheaded statue of a woman relates to Christian conquest in Burgundy, formerly Gaul. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628018296109-DUX9B1BPZWPPCOD1W95S/29.+Orcival+Romanesque+IMG_8743++.jpg Recent Events Refuge castle in the Auvergne https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628018547089-TJXREKJTPBU0HH4GXD6P/30.+Duchess+of+Mecklenburg.jpeg Recent Events Duchess of Mecklenburg’s Celtic finds now at Harvard Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1628018596957-FXGAB9MS8I4P18MWGUT9/31.+Statue+of+Liberty+US.png Recent Events Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor https://www.lexicuspress.com/women-freedom daily 0.75 2022-03-24 https://www.lexicuspress.com/the-petitions daily 0.75 2022-09-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/4246043c-f229-4b66-a263-b2a43889952e/suppot-ukraine.png The Petitions - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/46c1542c-dd1d-4e60-99d0-1274d5b4cc6e/Women+Warriors+of+Ukraine.png The Petitions - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lexicuspress.com/names daily 0.75 2022-01-06 https://www.lexicuspress.com/one-marvelous-day-in-le-mans-and-dou daily 0.75 2022-09-08 https://www.lexicuspress.com/why-magdalena daily 0.75 2022-09-08 https://www.lexicuspress.com/legacies-from-a-free-celtic-europe daily 0.75 2023-04-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882857934-S9EL618WLCRT079FORFZ/2431_RGB.jpg Legacies from a Free Celtic Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/8a2011cc-e164-4df7-bf6e-130c2fe59f03/FRONT_5HWS_cover-approved.jpg Legacies from a Free Celtic Europe https://www.lexicuspress.com/mines daily 0.75 2024-03-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/1623882857934-S9EL618WLCRT079FORFZ/2431_RGB.jpg Mines, Temples & Parklands in Celtic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/601b2cf875eaa9024480d1e1/95bb34b2-2207-45a9-a9b9-43d1678dbbbc/KINDLE_6HWB_COVER_final.png Mines, Temples & Parklands in Celtic